Manipulating Time Already

[MUSIC] 0:00 All programmers eventually have to deal with dates and times. 0:04 Sometimes at the same time, and eventually, 0:08 you're going to have to deal with time zones too. 0:11 All of this can be a big mess, but thankfully, 0:13 Python gives us some really solid tools for dealing with them. 0:15 We'll be using the datetime library for everything in this course. 0:19 So get used to importing datetime. 0:21 So first things first, we're gonna want to import datetime. 0:24 So we'll type that out and 0:29 we're gonna be using a class from datetime that's named datetime. 0:31 Yeah, this can be a little confusing, but you'd get used to it pretty quickly. 0:36 Basically, datetime has four major modules that you'll sometimes use, maybe five. 0:40 It's got date, time, and then those combined become datetime. 0:48 So we have date, we have time, and we have datetime. 0:53 And then you'll find that we're gonna use timedelta quite a bit. 0:58 And we may also be using timezone toward the end. 1:01 You won't really use tzinfo on its own. 1:05 You're not supposed to. 1:08 And then really time and date don't end up getting used a whole lot. 1:10 You mostly use datetime itself. 1:14 So, let's look at what datetime does. 1:17 It lets us work, as I've just said, with both times and dates at the same time. 1:19 For right now though, let's just play with two methods that datetime gives us. 1:24 Sorry, datetime.datetime. 1:28 Yeah, that gets confusing, doesn't it? 1:30 So anyway, those two methods are .now and .replace. 1:32 So let's try datetime.datetime.now. 1:35 And you can see that it's 2014, it's the 10th month, the 15th day, 1:40 the 18th hour on our server, the 23rd minute, 0 seconds and 1:46 596,134 microseconds, which is a millionth of a second. 1:51 Yeah, anyway, something like that. 1:57 All right, that's the current date. 1:59 Well, it's not right now, it's the now that was right now when I ran that method. 2:01 It's really best if you don't think about it too much. 2:06 Let's, let's make a new variable. 2:08 We'll call this treehouse_start, and it'll be datetime.datetime.now. 2:11 So let's look at that. 2:18 That's a similar date to what we'd had a minute ago. 2:21 But actually, I want to do treehouse_start.replace. 2:24 And I want to turn the hour into 9, the minute into 0, and 2:28 the second into 0, and the microsecond into 0. 2:35 Oh, we wanna do treehouse_start equals 2:40 treehouse_start.replace, hour equals 9, 2:44 minute equals 0, second equals 0, microsecond equals o. 2:49 All right, so now, if we look at treehouse_start, we get, 2:55 that I started at 9 AM this morning. 2:59 So what does this replace method that do? 3:02 Well, if the name didn't give it away, 3:06 it lets you replace attributes of our datetime object. 3:08 So we can replace the hour, the minute, the second, or the microsecond. 3:12 We can also replace the year, the month, the day, whatever we need to replace. 3:15 This comes in really handy when you need to make your dates and times some time 3:21 other than now, but you don't want to deal with the other ways of creating them. 3:26 Which, lets talk about that. 3:30 We could also have done. 3:31 I'll do this one as th-start, datetime.datetime, 2014, 10, 15, 9. 3:33 And if I look at th_start, 3:39 and I look at treehouse_start, they're the same thing. 3:45 But sometimes you don't want to just fill in those variables, 3:49 you want to I want all these things as they're gonna come out. 3:52 I want the year, the month, the day. 3:56 I just wanna change the hour to be, in this case 9 AM, 3:57 or to be midnight or whatever. 4:01 Okay, so lets see how long I've been at work, according to the server, 4:04 which is a little different from my computer I'm actually typing on. 4:09 So we'll do datetime.datetime.now. 4:13 And I'm gonna subtract from that, treehouse_start. 4:16 And, we get back this new thing here called a timedelta, and it's got some 4:20 numbers that don't necessarily make a lot of sense, this 33972 and 762540. 4:25 What those actually are, the 0 is days. 4:31 And the other measures there. 4:36 So the 0 is days, the second number is the number of seconds, and the third 4:38 one here is the number of microseconds, which are a thousand milliseconds. 4:44 So a millionth of a second. 4:48 So it's been 0 days, 33,972 seconds and 4:51 762,540 microseconds since I started work according to the server. 4:56 Okay. 5:03 How do we turn that into hours though? 5:03 Let's, let's turn it into a variable. 5:07 We'll do time_worked equals 5:09 datetime.datetime.now minus treehouse_start. 5:12 Okay? 5:17 And so, time_worked is gonna be very similar to that 5:18 number that we have before, and let's see what it has in here. 5:20 Let's do time_worked.days, 0 days, correct? 5:24 All right, and microseconds. 5:30 There's that 850,000 number. 5:33 And if we just did seconds, okay. 5:36 Let's actually do a dir on time_worked and see what we get. 5:40 So, we can see that this has days, max, 5:45 microseconds, it's got a lot of stuff here. 5:47 If we have the seconds though, we can calculate the hours. 5:50 There are 60 seconds in a minute, 60 minutes in an hour. 5:54 So if we divide our time worked seconds attribute by 3600, then we have our hours. 5:57 Lets round those so that it might look a little bit more impressive. 6:04 I don't know. We'll see. 6:09 So time_worked.seconds divided by 3600. 6:10 Notice no spaces around my divide sign cuz I'm inside a function call. 6:14 And hours_worked is 9. 6:18 That's not accurate. 6:23 The server is in a different timezone. 6:23 I, I imagine the server is set to UCT time, so it thinks it's a little further 6:26 than it actually is, but you get the idea of rounding these things. 6:30 So, awesome. 6:34 It thinks I've been to work for 9 hours. 6:35 Oh, if only. 6:37 Wow, that was a lot for just the first video, datetime objects, 6:39 timedelta objects, and we're already manipulating time. 6:42 We can actually do a lot with timedeltas, so let's explore them a bit more. 6:46