Set Unique Constraints

Let's continue by adding a constraint for our user model. 0:00 By constraints, I mean rules for 0:04 more in-depth checks performed at the SQL level versus at the sequelize level. 0:06 For example, earlier we use the notEmpty validator to ensure that 0:10 values don't get stored as empty strings. 0:14 And the isEmail validator to check the email format. 0:17 As you learned, if any of those validations fail, 0:21 a SQL query will not be sent to the database. 0:24 However, with constraint checks a SQL query is performed. 0:28 But if the constraint check fails, the database throws an error 0:32 preventing the post or update, and sequelize lets us know about it. 0:35 This is how constraint checks differ from standard validation. 0:39 A common example is checking that the email submitted is a unique email address. 0:42 A user submits an entry and their email gets checked against other emails 0:48 in the database to ensure that it's unique. 0:51 In the user model, I can define a unique constraint on the email field 0:54 by adding the unique property to the email object and setting it to true. 0:59 Back in Postman, I'll attempt to create a new user entry using an email that 1:06 already exists in the users table test@teamtreehouse.com. 1:11 When I press Send, I get a 400 status and 1:18 see the error email must be unique in the response. 1:21 And notice in the console that the error log is SequelizeUniqueConstrainError. 1:26 An attempt to insert an email that already exists will throw 1:32 a SequeleUniqueConstraintError, 1:36 which prevents duplicate data from being inserted into the database. 1:38 Like validators, we can customize the error message for unique constraints. 1:44 Set the value of unique to an object, 1:49 inside the object use the message property and set it to your custom message. 1:52 For example, the email you entered already exists. 1:57 I'll test sending the same post request, and this time I receive my 2:07 custom error message in the response. Changing the email address 2:11 successfully creates and stores the new user account in the database. 2:19 All right, I set up my one constraint for unique user email addresses. 2:24 Next, I'll continue by adding two more user model validations. 2:28