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Mapping allows you to transform each element to a new value.
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So we now have the ability to
take a collection of items, and
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gather a portion of those
into another collection.
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That works well, but a lot of time
in the reality of our code base,
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what we are actually needing to do
is collect our subset of items, and
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then produce different
representations of those same items.
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For instance, maybe we want to populate
a drop down list in an application,
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with just a name of those items.
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Maybe we want to produce some mastered
detail representation on our webpage,
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we're we show a paginated
list of items as links.
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And clicking on that link will
go to a more detailed page.
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Streams add some real power, because
instead of making a separate collection of
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the items,
you can actually transform the item
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as it's passing through your
functional pipeline, in one foul swoop.
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It's pretty powerful.
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There is a bit of a naming
collision unfortunately, so
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the method name that we're going
to use on our stream is named Map.
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Now this unfortunately,
is the same word that we use for
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our key value data structure, map.
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Like a HashMap.
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And I'm bringing that up now,
so you don't confuse the two.
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The map is used to transform or
map one item to another one.
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So, similar to how filter used
the predicate functional interface,
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map uses the function
functional interface.
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The single abstract method is named Apply,
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and the signature is that it takes
a single value and returns a value.
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Ready?
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Let's put the functions on the map.
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Bad idea to throw in another map there.
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Sorry about that.
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So the job output is
a little tacky currently.
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So, let's do this.
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Let's assume that we have
a page in our application,
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where we want to give an example
of the jobs available.
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So, let's show off three junior jobs but
let's format that a bit prettier.
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So imperatively, let's do this.
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Let's copy the imperative method
that we used to get the first three.
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So let's copy that and then paste it.
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So we're gonna copy it,
give us some space here, copy this.
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And let's paste it here.
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And, so now let's go ahead and
let's rename that
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to getCaptionsImperatively, so
we'll pull a caption out there.
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So getCaptionsImperatively.
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And instead of returning a Job,
we'll return a String this time.
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A List of strings, so
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the caption instead of that long string
mess there, will make it prettier.
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So now, this is complaining
we need this to be a String.
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I'm going to go ahead,
I'm going to rename this refactor rename.
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And we'll call this captions.
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So let's make a pretty caption in here so
we'll say, String caption and
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we'll d a nice format string,
so we'll do format, and
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we'll say the company is looking for
a Job title and location.
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That's a pretty nice caption.
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So let's see.
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Let's break that out a little bit.
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So the first present s is
going be job.getCompany,
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and the next will be job.getTitle.
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And finally, we'll do a Job.getCity.
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Go ahead and supply add a caption here.
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Cool, and
then it will return the captions.
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So we now have getCaptionsImperatively,
so let's go use it.
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Let's make sure it looks pretty.
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So we'll say get.
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CaptionsImperatively, we'll run the jobs
through there and let's take a look.
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Beautiful, looks a lot better.
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Now, let's see what this
looks like stream wise.
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So that was here,
we'll get these three junior jobs.
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And I'll move this down so
that we can keep them together.
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Say.
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GetThree, let me change
this to be captions.
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GetCaptions.
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Stream, and of course we also need to
change this to now be a list of Strings.
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Now, check out this error
that we've created.
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See how this list here knows that it's
supposed to be returning a String,
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but in fact we are returning a Job.
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So, we need to transform
our Job into a String, and
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we do that with the map method.
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So, let's go, let's Job, let's do it.
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So we will come here.
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So we're sure that we have a JuniorJob,
then we're gonna do a .map.
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And you'll see that it takes a function.
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So if we take a lambda,
we'll be getting in a job, a JuniorJob for
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sure because it's been focused that way,
and
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then we will just take that
same code that we did here.
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What we did here the String format will.
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Remember, it will
automatically return a String.
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I don't have an extra one in there.
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Let's bring this up here, and
then we'll close our map out, there we go.
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And if we come up to our example,
our explore up here and
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we change this to Stream,
let's see how we did.
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Awesome, but we've duplicated this code.
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And we've duplicated
this string format code.
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Now, chances are we're not gonna
be the only ones needing it.
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So, we could make a static method or
why don't we do this,
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let's make a computed
property on our job object.
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It seems like others
might want to do this.
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So I'm going to grab this from here.
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We'll cut this out, and
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let's just say job.getCaption.
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And it won't exist, and
then we go create it.
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So we create for that.
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And this is going to return a String.
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And it's going to return
the String.format.
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Get rid of these.
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Jobs here, and put a semi-colon.
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So now, we have.
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What we need.
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And over here,
it will return job.getCaption.
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And let's go ahead, and
we'll clean up our imperative one.
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So, what we'll do is
we'll say captions.add.
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Job.getCaption.
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There that is prettier.
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So now if a job passes through and it is
a JuniorJob, it's gonna come into map.
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Map is going to take a Job, and
it's going to return a String.
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So it's going transform into
the String of the caption, and
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then it's going to go through.
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And that's the apply method of function.
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It's going to take a type, and
it's going to return a different type.
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Or whatever,
it's going to return something else.
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So, it took in a Job,
it returned a String, and
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we know that it's a String now.
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So look here, there's an intention
action light bulb, let's go ahead and
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see what it says, it says replace
lambda with method reference.
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Good, we love method references,
let's do that.
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Wow, [LAUGH] hat looks great.
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But wait a second, getCaption on
the Job class doesn't take a parameter.
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It doesn't take a parameter,
it's just empty, so how is that working?
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I mean isJuniorJob, this method here,
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isJuniorJob, that takes a Job and
returns a Boolean.
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But, getCaption doesn't.
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Now this is a common head scratcher, and
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the reason is because it
depends of the type of method.
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This isJuniorHob, this is static.
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However, this getCaption
method is on a Job instance.
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You can't execute the method
without an instance of a job.
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Method references know that, so
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the implicitly require an object
to execute the instance method on.
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So really, you can picture any method
reference that is referring to an instance
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method, like our getCaption method here
as a function that expects an argument
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that is the instance of the type
that has that method on it.
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So Job, it's always assuming
a Job is passed to it.
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So, the Job that comes through
this filter is passed in here.
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And getCaption is run on that Job.
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Otherwise, how can the method run?
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If that wasn't clear,
go ahead and rewind me a bit.
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It's a little strange of a concept,
and it's okay for
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it to take a while to sink in.
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You'll see this quite
a bit when map is used.
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Especially when trying
to just get a getter,
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transforming an object to
one of its properties.
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Actually, that is known as
method reference inference, and
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we can cross that off our parking lot.
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So let's go over there.
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So Method Reference Inference,
let's go ahead and
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we will do a Strikethrough, perfect.
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So, let's take a quick break and when
we return we'll talk about what happens
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when you encounter a value that maps
to a stream from within your streams.
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Yo dog,
I heard you like streams in your streams.
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