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Now that you know more about how
EcmaScript came about, how JavaScript

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evolved, and who decides on what features
get added to the language, let's

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talk about the different types or flavors
of JavaScript available to developers.

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You'll often hear terms like Vanilla
JavaScript, Plain, or Pure JavaScript.

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They all mean the same thing, the use
of JavaScript without any frameworks or

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libraries.

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It's how developers refer to native,
standards-based JavaScript.

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You learn that ES5, or ECMAScript 5,
is an earlier version of JavaScript

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that's implemented in all browsers,
and ES2015 is the evolution of ES5.

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It's now the established standard for
writing modern JavaScript.

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Now after the release of
ES 2015 the TC39 Committee

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decided to iterate more often and
consistently.

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So as of 2016 the JavaScript language
has continued to evolve year after year,

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with smaller releases of the language.

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A new version of ECMAScript gets released
every year with any new features that

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are ready at that time.

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The feature versions are referred
to as ES2016, ES2017,

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and ESNext for versions of ECMAScript
that have not been released.

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JavaScript also comes in other non-vanilla
forms, like a Type Checker, for example.

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Developers use type checking languages
in libraries like TypeScript and

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Flow in favor of pure JavaScript,
because they help catch mistakes early and

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identify certain types of problems
before they run their code.

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TypeScript, developed by Microsoft,
is a super set of JavaScript,

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meaning it's a layer around JavaScript
that contains extra features and syntax.

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TypeScript also offers support for
the latest evolving JavaScript features

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while making your code more readable and
descriptive.

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The browser cannot understand
a file written in TypeScript, so

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TypeScript needs to get translated or

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compiled to standard JavaScript
code that can run on any browser.

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And Flow, develop by Facebook, is an open
source type checking library that

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makes developing apps more maintainable,
and

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performs error checking to make it
harder to introduce bugs in your code.

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Flow gives you realtime feedback
on the state of your code.

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For example, it checks the expected
data type of any value, like

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if the return type of a function should be
a number, string, or boolean, and more.

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Other languages and

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types of JavaScript that use a different
syntax are CoffeeScript and Dart.

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CoffeeScript is a simple language that
adds syntactic sugar to JavaScript,

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which means that it was designed to make
JavaScript easier to read in Express,

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with a clear and concise syntax.

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CoffeeScript is not
understood by browsers, so

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it also gets compiled to
standard JavaScript, and

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Dart is an object-oriented programming
language developed by Google.

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Developers use Dart to create complex and
highly scalable apps for

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the Web, mobile devices, and for
Internet of things or IoT devices.

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Dart was even approved
as a standard by Ecma.

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Like JavaScript,

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Ecma International formed a technical
committee to work on standardizing Dart.

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While Dart uses a special syntax
that's different than pure JavaScript,

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it can be translated to standard
JavaScript to be used in a browser.

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I just wanted to mention the different
types of JavaScript here so

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that if you come across terms like ES5,
ES2015, TypeScript or

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CoffeeScript you will know that it's
all just referring to JavaScript.