1
00:00:00,180 --> 00:00:03,630
With the commands we've shown you so
far, you can only look at files and

2
00:00:03,630 --> 00:00:06,510
directories that already
exist on the system.

3
00:00:06,510 --> 00:00:09,380
Now we're going to show you commands
that will let you to move, copy,

4
00:00:09,380 --> 00:00:12,370
and delete those files and directories.

5
00:00:12,370 --> 00:00:17,030
Let me make sure I'm in my workspace
directory, cd ~/workspace.

6
00:00:18,660 --> 00:00:23,750
First step is the CP command which
lets you copy files and directories.

7
00:00:23,750 --> 00:00:27,300
If we list the files in this directory,
we'll see bird.txt file.

8
00:00:28,510 --> 00:00:30,320
Suppose I want another bird.

9
00:00:30,320 --> 00:00:33,362
I run the cp command and
I give it two arguments,

10
00:00:33,362 --> 00:00:37,789
the name of the file I wanna copy and
the name of file I wanna copy it to.

11
00:00:37,789 --> 00:00:41,436
cp bird.txt pigeon.txt.

12
00:00:41,436 --> 00:00:45,728
If I run the ls command again we'll
see both the original bird.txt file and

13
00:00:45,728 --> 00:00:47,420
the new pigeon.txt file.

14
00:00:48,440 --> 00:00:51,013
And if I print the contents of pigeon.txt,

15
00:00:51,013 --> 00:00:53,873
we'll see that those have
been copied over too.

16
00:00:53,873 --> 00:00:55,360
cp is an important command.

17
00:00:55,360 --> 00:00:57,680
It's one of those commands
you'll be using a lot.

18
00:00:57,680 --> 00:01:01,720
That's why its name is abbreviated so
you can type it more quickly.

19
00:01:01,720 --> 00:01:04,740
You can use cp to copy files
into other directories too.

20
00:01:04,740 --> 00:01:09,486
I can copy bird.txt into the mall
directory by giving the directory name as

21
00:01:09,486 --> 00:01:11,230
the second argument to cp.

22
00:01:12,460 --> 00:01:17,116
Now let me change into the mall
directory and list its contents, and

23
00:01:17,116 --> 00:01:21,045
you'll see a bird.txt file
in this directory as well.

24
00:01:21,045 --> 00:01:24,180
You can also copy files
to the parent directory.

25
00:01:24,180 --> 00:01:28,261
Let me change back to the workspace
directory cd.. , and now I'll

26
00:01:28,261 --> 00:01:33,005
copy the bird.txt file again specifying
the parent directory as the target.

27
00:01:33,005 --> 00:01:37,209
cp bird.txt.. ,
if I changed to the parent directory and

28
00:01:37,209 --> 00:01:41,760
list its contents,
you'll see another bird.txt file there.

29
00:01:43,170 --> 00:01:45,641
You can use cp to copy directories too.

30
00:01:45,641 --> 00:01:48,431
Let me change back to
the workspace directory.

31
00:01:52,247 --> 00:01:56,051
Suppose I wanna make a copy
of the offices directory, but

32
00:01:56,051 --> 00:01:59,309
I can't just type cp offices/ more_offices.

33
00:02:00,510 --> 00:02:05,800
Normally if you ask cp to copy
a directory it will skip it,

34
00:02:05,800 --> 00:02:13,201
but if I add the -r option to cp,
it will work, cp -r office/ more_offices.

35
00:02:16,633 --> 00:02:20,580
You can see there's a 
more_offices directory here now.

36
00:02:20,580 --> 00:02:25,930
The -r options stands for
recursive as in copy recursively.

37
00:02:25,930 --> 00:02:31,040
To do something recursively means to do
it in a recurring or repeating fashion.

38
00:02:31,040 --> 00:02:34,850
In this case it means that not only
will the offices directory be copied,

39
00:02:34,850 --> 00:02:38,630
its contents and all of the contents of
its sub directories will be copied too.

40
00:02:39,720 --> 00:02:44,766
Let me list the contents of the
more_offices directory, ls more_offices.

41
00:02:47,288 --> 00:02:50,835
You can see its subdirectories
have been copied over too.

42
00:02:50,835 --> 00:02:52,880
Any files will get copied over as well.

43
00:02:54,050 --> 00:02:57,530
If I list the contents of
the more_offices/web_agency/mcgavren

44
00:02:57,530 --> 00:03:01,890
directory, you'll see a copy of the script
file we saw earlier in the course.

45
00:03:03,150 --> 00:03:05,240
So that's how the cp command works.

46
00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:08,680
Now what if you wanna change
a file's name without copying it?

47
00:03:08,680 --> 00:03:13,012
In that case, you'd use the mv
command which stands for move.

48
00:03:13,012 --> 00:03:21,370
I can move the bird.txt file to
sparrow.txt with mv bird.txt sparrow.txt.

49
00:03:21,370 --> 00:03:25,425
You can see there's no longer
a file under the name bird.txt but

50
00:03:25,425 --> 00:03:27,765
there is a file named sparrow.txt.

51
00:03:27,765 --> 00:03:32,729
If you specify a directory as a target,
you can move a file into that directory.

52
00:03:32,729 --> 00:03:35,570
Let's say we wanna move
the hotdog cart to the mall.

53
00:03:35,570 --> 00:03:38,693
We'd run mv cart.txt mall/.

54
00:03:38,693 --> 00:03:40,830
Again, the trailing slash is optional.

55
00:03:42,240 --> 00:03:45,650
If I change to the mall directory and
list its files,

56
00:03:45,650 --> 00:03:49,050
you can see that the cart.txt
file has been moved there.

57
00:03:49,050 --> 00:03:52,244
And if I change back to the workspace
directory and list files,

58
00:03:52,244 --> 00:03:55,509
you can see that the cart.txt
file is gone from this directory.

59
00:03:55,509 --> 00:04:00,840
You can move multiple files into a single
directory by giving multiple file names.

60
00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:04,758
For example,
I can move both the pigeon.txt and

61
00:04:04,758 --> 00:04:11,674
sparrow.txt files into the mall directory
with mv pigeon.txt sparrow.txt mall/.

62
00:04:11,674 --> 00:04:14,900
If I change into the mall directory,
and list its contents,

63
00:04:14,900 --> 00:04:20,200
you can see that both the pigeon.txt and
sparrow.txt files have been moved here.

64
00:04:20,200 --> 00:04:25,120
The move command is one of many commands
where wild card expansion comes in handy.

65
00:04:25,120 --> 00:04:28,840
Suppose I wanna move all these text
files back to the parent directory.

66
00:04:28,840 --> 00:04:35,990
I could use the wild card *.txt to find
all of them, mv *.txt .., will take

67
00:04:35,990 --> 00:04:40,450
all of the .txt files in this directory
and move them to the parent directory.

68
00:04:41,550 --> 00:04:45,738
If I list the files here you can see
they've all been moved out of this

69
00:04:45,738 --> 00:04:46,559
directory.

70
00:04:46,559 --> 00:04:48,557
And if I change to
the parent directory and

71
00:04:48,557 --> 00:04:52,160
list the files you can see
they've all been moved here.

72
00:04:52,160 --> 00:04:55,447
Woops, it looks like I also moved
the mall map to this directory.

73
00:04:55,447 --> 00:05:00,390
Let me move that back to the mall
directory, mv map.txt mall.

74
00:05:03,243 --> 00:05:05,953
This workspace directory is
getting a little crowded,

75
00:05:05,953 --> 00:05:08,000
let's remove some of these files.

76
00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:12,356
We do this with the rm command,
which stands for remove.

77
00:05:12,356 --> 00:05:16,062
Before we use this command,
let me give you a word of warning,

78
00:05:16,062 --> 00:05:18,780
there is no undo for removing files.

79
00:05:18,780 --> 00:05:23,442
The files don't go to a trash folder or
anything like that, they're simply gone.

80
00:05:23,442 --> 00:05:26,574
And on Unix-like systems,
their data is usually scrubbed

81
00:05:26,574 --> 00:05:32,150
from the disk immediately, meaning there's
no such thing as a file recovery program.

82
00:05:32,150 --> 00:05:36,856
So when using the rm command make sure
you're removing the correct files.

83
00:05:36,856 --> 00:05:42,710
Let's try removing the bird.txt file,
rm bird.txt.

84
00:05:42,710 --> 00:05:46,720
If I list the directory and contents again
you can see the bird.txt file is gone.

85
00:05:47,920 --> 00:05:50,698
The rm command can also
remove directories.

86
00:05:50,698 --> 00:05:54,860
Let's try deleting this more
offices directory we copied.

87
00:05:54,860 --> 00:05:56,629
Just like the what the cp command,

88
00:05:56,629 --> 00:05:59,502
the RM command won't work
on directories ordinarily.

89
00:06:02,060 --> 00:06:07,146
But just like the cp command, the rm
command has a -r option that causes it to

90
00:06:07,146 --> 00:06:12,650
recursively remove a directory, all its
sub-directories and all their files.

91
00:06:12,650 --> 00:06:16,094
If I list files again, you can see
more_offices directory is gone now,

92
00:06:16,094 --> 00:06:19,590
along with all the directories and
files it contained.

93
00:06:19,590 --> 00:06:25,370
One last command, you can use
the mkdir command to make directories.

94
00:06:25,370 --> 00:06:28,565
I can make a park
directory with mkdir park.

95
00:06:30,778 --> 00:06:33,820
You can see there's a new
park directory here now.

96
00:06:33,820 --> 00:06:36,978
I can change into the new directory,
make new sub directories,

97
00:06:36,978 --> 00:06:39,158
anything I can do with
any other directory.

98
00:06:40,997 --> 00:06:44,797
If you pass the -p option to make
directory, it will make parent directories

99
00:06:44,797 --> 00:06:48,210
for the directory you wanna
create if they don't exist.

100
00:06:48,210 --> 00:06:52,440
For example, let's say I want a playground
directory inside my park directory, and

101
00:06:52,440 --> 00:06:54,680
a toys directory inside that.

102
00:06:54,680 --> 00:07:00,708
I could run make directory
-p park/playground/toys.

103
00:07:00,708 --> 00:07:04,185
The park directory already exists,
so that's unchanged.

104
00:07:04,185 --> 00:07:07,981
But there was no playground directory
inside the park directory, so

105
00:07:07,981 --> 00:07:09,625
that's been created for us.

106
00:07:11,165 --> 00:07:15,500
And inside the playground directory,
a toys directory has been created.

107
00:07:15,500 --> 00:07:19,380
We're now free to fill these playground
and toys directories with files or

108
00:07:19,380 --> 00:07:20,530
whatever else we want.