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You've learned all the basics of
working with a shell in the terminal.

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Let's end the course by looking at
some of the other things you can do.

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We have a lot of ground to
cover in this video, so

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we're only going to have a high
level description of each command.

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There'll be more info in
the teacher's notes if you want it.

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First up some additional commands that
come standard on most UNIX-like systems.

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The find command is used to recursively
search through a directory and

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all its subdirectories for files.

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The find command by itself just searches
recursively through the current directory

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and prints out the name of every file and
subdirectory it can find.

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If you want to find files
with particular names,

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you can use the dash name option to find.

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The name parameter accepts wildcards.

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So this command, for example,

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will find every .txt file in the current
directory and its subdirectories.

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Note that a wildcard expression
has to be surrounded by quotes or

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the shell will attempt to expand it,
and it'll never reach the find command.

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The grep command is used to print lines in
a file that match a particular pattern.

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Let's go back to the directory that
contains our terminal.txt script.

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And I'm gonna find all lines in the
terminal.txt file that contain the word

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Windows.

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So I run the grep command and

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as the first argument that I pass Windows
is the pattern that I'm looking for.

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Then I give it the name of the file that
I want to look through is the second

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argument.

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And that will find and

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print every line that contains the word
Windows in the terminal.txt file.

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Now let's do the same looking
for the word Mac.

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grep 'Mac' terminal.txt.

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And there are all the lines
that contain the word Mac.

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Now for a couple programs that will
let you edit txt files from within

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your terminal.

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The vi program,
where vi stands for visual,

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is the default editing program installed
on most Unix-like operating systems.

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It's not fancy but it is widely available.

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At some point you're likely
to find you have to use it

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because it's the only editor available
on the system you're working on.

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Some developers love it though and
use it for their daily work.

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Especially an expanded version called vim,
which stands for vi improved.

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Vim has to be installed separately,
though, so we'll focus on vi here.

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Let me use vi to edit a new file,
which I'll call myfile.txt.

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Vi has two important modes.

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When it starts, it's in command mode.

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You don't wanna press random keys while
you're in command mode because you'll be

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issuing commands you
probably don't want to.

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You'll wanna press the i key
which puts vi into insert mode.

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Now that I'm in insert mode,
I can type freely, and

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the text will appear on
the screen like I'm used to.

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To get back into command mode, I press the
Escape key in the corner of my keyboard.

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Once I'm back in command mode,
I can issue commands to save the file and

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quit the editor.

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I type a colon character and the cursor
will appear in the lower right corner of

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the screen, waiting for a command.

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Then I type w and press enter.

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Vi will write the contents of
the editor out to the file.

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Now to quit the editor,
I type colon again and

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the cursor reappears in the lower right.

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Now I type q and press enter and
vi will quit, returning us to the shell.

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We can take a look at the contents
of our new file with cat myfile.txt.

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And you can see the text I typed
has been written out to the file.

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VI can be a powerful editor, but
it's not very friendly to beginners.

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Now let's look at an alternative editor.

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The nano editor is installed by default
on some, but not all, Unix-like systems.

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If you have administrative
privileges on a Unix-like system,

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you can install it yourself.

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See the teacher's notes for more info.

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But it's already available on
the Linux OS used by workspaces.

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The command is similar to the vi command.

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You just type nano and
the name of the file you want to edit..

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So I'll edit nano file2.txt.

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Editing in nano is pretty straightforward,
you just type.

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You can use the commands at the bottom
of the screen when you're ready to

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save and exit.

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The caret symbol before each
one stands for the Ctrl key.

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So to write out your file,
you would press Ctrl+O.

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To exit Nano, you'd press Ctrl+X.

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So let me press Ctrl+O
to write out the file.

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It'll ask me what file name to write to.

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I'll just keep the one I entered on
the command line as the default.

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So I'll press Enter.

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And then I can hold down Ctrl and
press X to exit.

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Again, if I run the cat command on the
file that I specified for nano to edit,

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we can see that nano has written out
what I typed in the editor to that file.

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Again, the goal of this video is just to
let you know that these commands exist and

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what their basic function is.

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There's lots more to
learn about each of them.

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For more info,
be sure to check the teacher's notes.