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You're learning that functions are a way
to run several lines of JavaScript code by

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issuing just a single command.

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When you call a function,

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you tell the JavaScript engine to jump to
that function and run the code inside it.

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Remember back when you said,
go to the coffee shop, to your assistant?

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They dashed off to the coffee shop.

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When your assistant returned,
they handed you coffee.

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Well, functions can also give
something back when they finish.

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This is called, returning a value, and
it's common when working with functions.

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For example, let's say you needed
a way to get the current time so

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that you can display it on a web page.

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You could create a function
that gets the current time and

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actually writes it to the page.

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Better yet, you could create
a function that just gets the time and

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gives it back to you.

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That way you can not only write
the return value to the page, but

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you could also use the return
value in other ways,

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like displaying it in an alert box,
or printing it to the console.

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In other words, creating a function
that just does one thing,

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returns the current time,
makes the function flexible enough

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that you can use it in
many different situations.

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To return a value from a function,
you use the return keyword.

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This creates what's called
a return statement.

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When the JavaScript engine, or

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interpreter, encounters
the return keyword,

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it immediately jumps out of the current
function and provides the value to return.

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The value that's returned by the function
can then be used in your program.

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For example, in this case, the return
value is given to the alert function.

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So the message, your coffee is on its way,
appears in an alert dialog box.

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But you could use this return
value in many different ways.

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Print it to the console, or
even save it in a variable.

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Let's look at the alertRandom
function we created earlier and

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see how we can improve it.

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Generating a random number
from one to six is useful.

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You can use it to build a dice-rolling game,
for example.

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But the function we created is limited.

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It generates a random number but
always displays it in an alert box.

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What if we wanted to show
the random number on the page,

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appear on the console, or
store it in a variable?

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We can make this function more useful
by returning the random number only.

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That way we could use it
any way we wanted to.

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I'll show you what I mean by
first removing the alert method

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from the function.

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Next, I'll add a return statement
to return a value from a function.

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You use the return keyword.

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And what do we want to return?

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Well, the value stored in randomNumber.

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So now the function name alertRandom
doesn't make a whole lot of sense,

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because the function no
longer pops up an alert.

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So I'll change it to getRandomNumber,
because that's what it's now doing.

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So now I can use this function anywhere
I want to get a number from one to six.

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For example,
in an alert dialogue like this.

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I can also print it to the console
with the console.log method.

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I can even store the function in
a variable that I can use later.

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For example,
const dieRoll = a call to getRandomNumber.

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And that's right,

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a function call itself can be a value
that gets stored in a variable.

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Creating functions that only return
a value is common in programming.

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For example, you might create a function
that computes the total cost of an item,

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including tax and shipping.

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The function would return that total cost
so that you can use it in other ways,

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like displayed on the web page,
or use it for more calculations.

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Lastly, functions always return a value,

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even when they don't
have a return statement.

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If you don't specify a return value,
the function returns undefined.

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For example, in the console,

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I’ll paste the alertRandom function
we first wrote, then call it.

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When I run this code,
the browser pops up the alert, and

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notice that undefined
displays in the console.

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Undefined is one of
JavaScript's built-in values.

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When returned by a function, it means
that there's no return value specified.

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Now, I'll call the getRandomNumber
function here in the console.

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And this time,
the console inputs a random number value.