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So far, you've written functions that
look like this, the function keyword,

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followed by the name of the function.

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This is what's called
a function declaration.

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There's another syntax for

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creating a function,
that's called a function expression.

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Open the file, expressions.js,
and in index.html,

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update the source attribute in
the script tag to js/expressions.js.

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A function expression lets you
assign a function to a variable.

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For example,

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you could rewrite the getRandomNumber
function to look like this.

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Notice that there's no name
after the function keyword.

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A function without a name after
the function keyword is called

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an anonymous function.

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Instead, the name comes from the variable.

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In other words,
I'm storing a function as a value

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in a variable named getRandomNumber.

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Also in this case,

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you're creating a statement by
assigning a value to a variable.

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Because of this, you add a semicolon
after the closing curly brace.

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You call this type of function the same
as you would have function with a name or

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a function declaration.

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Use the name of the variable,
followed by parenthesis.

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So now any time you come across
a function that's assigned to a variable,

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you'll know that it's
a function expression.

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You're also going to explore
function expressions

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further in the next stage
on arrow functions.

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Finally, function declarations and function
expressions work in much the same way,

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except for one subtle but
important difference.

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You can call a function
declaration before it's defined.

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For example, I'll convert this function
back to a function declaration.

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Then call getRandomNumber
above the function and

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print its return value to
the console with console.log.

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Notice how the function still works
as expected, we get a random number.

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That's because function declarations
load before any code is executed.

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When the JavaScript file loads, the
JavaScript engine behind the scenes moves

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all function declarations to
the top of their current scope,

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in this case the global scope.

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Since the JavaScript engine immediately
knows about any function declarations,

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you're able to call a function
before it's declared in the file.

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This behavior is called hoisting.

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Function expressions,
on the other hand, are not hoisted or

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lifted up to the top of their scope.

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A function expression loads only when
the JavaScript engine reaches the line of

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code it's on.

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For instance,

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I'll, again, convert the getRandomNumber
function into a function expression.

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Now the console outputs an error.

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It says, uncaught ReferenceError,

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cannot access GetRandomNumber
before initialization.

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So remember, if you call a function
expression before it's defined,

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you'll get an error

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The approach you use to writing functions
is a matter of personal preference.

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Choose one style and try to stick
with it throughout your script.

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If your program at some point might need
to call a function before it's declared,

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then use function declarations.

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Now, some developers also prefer
the structure that function expressions

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provide to their code.

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Since you're not able to call a function
expression before it's declared,

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it requires that you write your functions
up top, in a specific order, otherwise,

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they won't work.

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And any code that calls and runs
functions get placed toward the bottom

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of the program or file, which can make
your code more readable and predictable.

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But, again, the style is mostly
up to you and your team.

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Understanding the basics
of functions is a big deal.

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Just about every program you'll write
will use one or several functions.

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As you become more experienced with
JavaScript, you'll start to notice that

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parts of your code are repetitive,
and do the same thing over and over.

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So, if you find yourself writing
the same exact code more than once,

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it's a symptom that
something is likely wrong.

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That's where a function can help you avoid
duplicating code, and provide a way to

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group reusable code together to use, or
call later at any point in the program.

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In the next stage, you'll build on your
knowledge of functions by learning about

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arrow functions, which offer a more
concise syntax for writing functions.

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See you soon.