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As you know,
Java's been around for a while.

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And the way to develop rich
GUI applications with Java

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has evolved quite a bit over the years.

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I want to take you on a little
history tour real quick,

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as you will see the predecessors
mentioned and referenced.

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The first thing to remember is
that Java is intended to be,

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write once, run anywhere.

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As you know, different operating systems
have a different way of looking.

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Now, by different,
I mean the native style.

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You know, like,
the window is rounded or sharp.

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The checkbox has depth or it doesn't.

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The scroll bar is around it.

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You know, stuff like that.

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So, in the very beginning there
was a set of tools created called

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the Abstract Window Toolkit, or AWT.

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What AWT provided was a way to expose a
very thin layer that would actually create

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a native window and add a native controls.

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While this was handy, designers didn't
necessarily like how the same half looked

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different on different platforms.

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Now in addition to
the cosmetic differences,

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the way that you interacted with them was
a little bit different on each platform,

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and therefore, some deep knowledge was
needed about all of the platforms.

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Now these differences,
often called quirks,

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is a problem that plagues
web browsers to this day.

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It is not fun.

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So, a couple of groups started projects
to attempt to fix this quirky problem and

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they ended up merging together into one
called the Java Foundation Classes or JFC.

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These were later renamed to Swing and
added to Java, since its release 1.2,

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which was released in late 1998.

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Swing took a different approach.

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It decided to render all of its components
instead of relying on native components,

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like check box and input field.

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This is known as lightweight UI.

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Now, under the covers,
it in fact is still using AWT for

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capturing input like keyboard pressing and
mouse movements.

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But it uses its own interface completely.

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Swing introduced the concept
of a pluggable look and

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feel, also known as skinning.

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What this means was you were
able to change the way that

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all of the components looked at once,
to a completely different look.

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Now Swing had a great run, and it
introduced many advanced component types,

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such as tabs, trees, tables, and lists.

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Swing had widespread acceptance, and

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it was the de facto way to build Java GUI
applications for nearly a decade.

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In late 2008,
a new contender came on the scene, JavaFX.

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Now at first, as expected,
it received mixed reviews.

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The first version introduced a new
scripting language called JavaFX Script.

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No.

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By version two, this was scrapped,
and now, things are just native Java.

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JavaFX has matured, and
releases now follow Java's releases.

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So, JavaFX8 follows JavaSE8,
which was released in 2014.

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And the release for
Java FX9 will follow JavaSE9.

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JavaFX is intended to be the GUI
solution for Java, replacing Swing.

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It and Swing are included in
the Java SE Java Runtime edition.

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Both will be around for
a considerable time though, and

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they interoperate well together.

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For instance, you can have a JavaFX
component embedded in your Swing

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application, and vice versa.

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JavaFX supports Swing components.

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Things that you learned in JavaFX will
more or less, directly translate into

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other UI frameworks that you encounter,
including Swing.

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So with that little Java GUI
history lesson in place,

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let's go spend sometime
getting to know JavaFX.