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Now let's look at how to
write code in Visual Studio.

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Here in the Editor window I
have a number of files open.

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I can rearrange these tabs
by dragging them around.

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Program.cs is where I want to
spend most of my time right now so

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I always want to be able to find it,
even if I open a bunch of other files.

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That happens a lot when I'm tracking
down a bug or exploring code.

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So you can pin any of these tabs by
right-clicking the pin button here.

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This moves the tab to the far
left side and keeps it there.

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I don't need these other files right now.

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I can close all except the ones I'm
interested in by right-clicking

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on the tab I want and
clicking Close All But This.

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Notice here that there is also an option
to close all but the tabs I've pinned.

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If you ever want to know where
the file you are working on is located

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in the file explorer, you can mouse
over it, this shows you the full path.

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You can also right-click on the tab and

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click Copy Full Path which copies the path
of the file to the Windows clipboard.

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Or you can click Open Containing Folder,
which opens the file explorer and

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selects the file.

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All these things are very
handy when working with files.

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Okay, now that I've cleaned
up my workspace a little,

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let's take a look at some of
the features of the text editor.

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One of the first things you
notice is the coloring.

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Of course, the colors you use will be
different if you're using a different

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color theme.

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The colored text is what is
called syntax highlighting.

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Comments are in green,
language keywords are blue, type names

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that are not keywords are in light blue,
and strings, like this one, are in red.

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Here you'll notice that these using
namespace statements are grayed out.

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That's because there isn't any code
in this file using those namespaces.

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Visual Studio is telling us
that we can remove these lines.

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The colored line on the left shows which
lines have been changed since the last

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time the file was saved.

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If I save the file,
everything will turn green.

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There's also a lot of information
here in the scroll bar.

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This solid blue line shows where in the
file the cursor is located at the moment.

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Here we see a green square.

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This shows where we have
compiler warnings in the code.

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They correspond to where we see
green squiggles under the text here.

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Mousing over the green squiggles
shows a tool tip with the warning.

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This one is telling us that the variable
greeting is assigned but not used.

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Warnings are important to pay
attention to because they often mean

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there's something we've forgotten to do
and there's potentially a bug in the code.

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Errors show up in red.

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These are things that will stop
the code from building all together.

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If I delete this closing parenthesis,

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you will see a red squiggly line
where the parenthesis once was.

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We also see a little red square
show up here in the tool bar.

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This feature is constantly making us
aware of compiler errors, and warnings,

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saves us a lot of time when it comes
time to compile and run the code.

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In fact, I find that I encounter
compiler errors when building my

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code a lot less often now.

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Visual Studio tries to reduce
typing required to write code.

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It has a number of ways to do this,
for instance,

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if you start typing a list of keywords or
other suggestions will appear.

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It selects the one you
are most likely to use.

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With the symbol selected,

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just hit Tab to have Visual Studio
finish typing it for you.

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As I keep typing, I get to where
I want to write a string literal.

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Notice when I type the first double quote,

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it automatically adds
the ending double quote.

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I can keep typing my string.

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When I get to the end of the string,
I can hit Tab, and

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it moves the cursor to the end of
the line, so I can type the semicolon.

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I'll show some more of these auto
complete features while I write another

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method here.

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I'll type S, T, A, Tab,

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Space, S, T, Tab, the name of the method.

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And open parenthesis.

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See the closing parenthesis
was added automatically?

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S, T, Tab, and then a variable name, and
Tab again to get to the end of the line.

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Return, and then an open curly brace.

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See the closing curly brace
was automatically added?

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Hit Return again and the second curly
brace is moved down two lines, and

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the cursor is indented.

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As you can see, typing in Visual Studio's

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text editor is very different than typing
in a regular word processing program.

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It uses its knowledge of the symbols in
your program, conventions used in C#,

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and the C# syntax and
grammar to help you speed up your coding.

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For some coders,
this may take a bit to get used to.

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After a while, it become second nature and
you don't even think a lot about it.

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This allows you to spend your time
thinking about the problem you're trying

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to solve and less about things like
spelling syntax and what things are named.

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Another way Visual Studio
tries to help you

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while typing is a feature
called IntelliSense.

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IntelliSense helps you when you type
a dot at the end of a valid expression.

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It determines what the type of the
expression to the left of the dot is and

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then shows you a list of methods,
properties and

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fields that you can call
from the scope you are in.

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As you start typing,

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it highlights the symbol that
you are most likely looking for.

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You can also use the up and
down arrow keys to select the name.

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When you hit Tab, period, Space or any
other character that makes sense in that

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context, it types the rest of the name for
you.

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If you don't want it to
type what is selected,

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just hit the Escape key on your keyboard.

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There are lots of other ways
Visual Studio helps with typing code

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including the use of snippets and
code generators

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which are more advanced than we need
to cover here in this workshop.

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And of course, if you don't like
some of these code typing features,

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you can always turn them off.

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However, I encourage you
to experiment with them for

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a while before you make that decision.