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Objects and software allow us to express
and model things that we have and

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use in real life.

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Programmers have discovered
that all real world

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objects share 2 important characteristics
they have state and behavior.

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By creating an object in code
that maintains its own state and

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presents its behavior for usage.

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It allows you to hide how things
are actually working from

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users of your object.

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A great example of this is a radio
that has some state is it on or

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off what station is it?

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[MUSIC]
And

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it also has some behavior that
it exposes to the use for

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the power on change the station.

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How does it actually work?

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I have no idea.

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Its inner workings are hidden from me but
its behavior is exposed and

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I can manipulate the state
that allows me to change.

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Before we go any deeper I
want to apologize to you for

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what I'm about to do to your brain.

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Chances are after I introduce
this concept to you,

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you will not be able to stop
thinking about how you would create

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everything you see in real
life as an object in code.

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Like an ear worm when somebody sings,
We Built This City.

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You're gonna be building
an object representation

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of every single thing you see.

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Sorry about that.

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Okay, so
let's explore a real life object together.

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How about this Yoda Pez
dispenser right here.

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Now, if you haven't seen
a Pez dispenser before,

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they're a little toy that serves
candy when you flip back their head.

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They usually have different
character heads on them and

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they're collector's items, like this one
here from Star Wars, the hero, Yoda.

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So, let's see,
it definitely has some state.

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Is it empty?

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Nope.

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How many are in there?

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It looks like there's about ten.

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There's also some behavior, right.

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Namely its job: dispense when we do this.

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It changes the state of the Pez dispenser.

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Now there are ten and now there's nine and
it can also be loaded

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like I could add more Pez in here and
would also change state.

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Come to think of it.

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All Pez dispensers kind of work the same.

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They just have different character heads.

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If we imagine the factory
where these are made.

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I bet there is some sort of
master blueprint of the Pez

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dispenser that is used to
create each one of these.

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And then customizes the character for
each one that comes through.

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This blueprint used to create
objects in Java is called a class.

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Could we build something like
this blueprint in code and

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then create objects from it?

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We definitely can and
it's pretty straightforward.

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Let's do just that.

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Okay, so what we'll do is
we'll create a new class and

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then use it in a console application.

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Now, I've gone ahead and I've built
the console application boilerplate for

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us again it's in a file called
Example.java, let's open that up.

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So you might have used the java.io
console object before to take input and

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write out to the screen.

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I've had several students ask what
the difference between the console and

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something that they've seen used
elsewhere and that's system.out.

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Well, the answer is that console is
actually just a convenient wrapper around

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system out and system in.

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We aren't going to be taking any input
right now let's take a look at this common

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pattern for writing out to the console.

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So System is a class that's automatically
imported, right? So System, and

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it provides a static public field
named out. Out is a print stream and

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it exposes some methods that we've
seen before on the console object.

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Now, don't worry [LAUGH] about
that mouthful that I just said

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just know that we can write out
to the screen using .println.

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So println means print line and what
that means is it will add a new line at

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the end it's kind of a convenience method,
right, to the printf. Or in printf we

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were doing the %n we don't need to
do that with println, so let's just do that.

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So we're saying we are making
a new Pez dispenser.

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Okay, so let's do it.

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Let's make a new file
called PezDispenser.java.

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So what we'll do is we'll right click
over here and we'll say new file, and

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we'll make a Pez dispenser and
the case matters PezDispenser.java.

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All right, so let's create this class.

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So the class keyword allows us to
specify that this is in fact the class.

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So class and then it's this
is similar to camel case but

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the first letter is capitalized,
so we're gonna do PezDispenser.

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And then we're going to open and close.

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Now believe it or not.

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That's actually enough to
allow us to create an object.

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But let's add a little bit more info, so
that we can show that things are working.

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Let's add some state.

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How about the name of the character whose
head appears under the 'spence, all right.

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So what we'll do is we'll add a field or
a member of variable.

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So anything between these two brackets.

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This block of code it's
known as a class scope.

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So we'll do in here will just create a new
variable and this will look very familiar.

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We'll make a new String.

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And it's a character name and
we'll set that to Yoda.

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You've seen blocks used to define scope
like when we're doing a while loop or

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a conditional.

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Opening a block with a curly brace and
then you close it.

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It opens a new scope and
classes aren't any different but

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we'll explore this more here in a bit.

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So, first though let's go use our class so
remember to save this file,

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and we'll go over here to example.

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And let's make a brand new object using
our Pez dispenser class as the blueprint.

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So first what we do is we declare the type
of variables of the type of variable like

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normally we would do it.

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String here we're going
to do a Pez dispenser.

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And then we're gonna name
a variable like we always do.

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Let's call it dispenser.

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And here we're going to be
creating a brand new one.

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So we're gonna use the keyword new.

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So a new PezDispenser.

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And we're going to open it and
close it just like that.

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So the out object on system so System.out.

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Also has the printf method
that we've been using.

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So we say printf and then we're
going to put in our format strings.

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So we're gonna say the dispenser is and

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we're gonna put in
a placeholder to replace there.

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So let's say %s and then remember printf
doesn't automatically put the new ones in

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for us, so we need to do 
%n the new line, okay.

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And then, we can access the actual
field that we put over there

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by saying dispenser.

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And we're going to use the dot notation
on this new object that we created

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to say .characterName.

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And we'll close that system printer,
all right.

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So let's go over this really quick.

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So this line here.

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We instantiate a new PezDispenser
object and it creates a new

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instance this object here is referred
to as an instance of type PezDispenser.

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Now because PezDispenser.java is in
the same folder as our Example.java and

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we haven't done anything yet to package
up our code, we'll do that later.

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We don't need to actually import
PezDispenser, it's just there and

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that's because they're in the same folder.

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So our example program can simply just
access the class by using its name.

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We'll talk more about packaging and
importing later on.

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So but for now let's just run this.

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So let's come down here and
we'll say clear and javac.

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We're just gonna compile
Example.java and then

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we're gonna run example
the program Example Cool.

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So it says here's a print line adding
the PezDispenser to add the new line and

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that's that the PezDispenser is Yoda and
it's pulling off that character name.

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Did you notice how the PezDispenser
got automatically compiled, so

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if we refresh over here, you'll
see that there is a PezDispenser

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class I got automatically compiled without
us needing to call the javac on it.

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Now that's because in order for

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Example.java to use it it needed to
have access to the PezDispenser code.

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So it compiled it.

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So this is looking pretty good, right?

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So we created a new
object named dispenser and

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accessed its characterName
field which was exposed.

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What I wonder if we could actually
change that character name.

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That would be bad wouldn't it?

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You can't really change the PezDispenser's
character after it's been created.

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So let's go ahead and
let's try to change that.

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Let's change it to Darth Vader and

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see if we can't cause
a disturbance in reality.

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So we'll say Darth Vader.

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And then let's go ahead we'll
save this and then run it.

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No!

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We better fix that soon.

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>> Awesome.

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Now we have a blueprint, or class, that we
can use to finish modeling our example.

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There are a few bad practices in
what we're doing right now, but

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it is a great starting block.

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We learned about fields and how we can
access them on newly created objects, or

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as they're often referred to, instances.

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So, in order to hide the inner
workings of the class.

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So we can protect the Pez Dispenser
head swapping problem.

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We're going to need to pick up a few
new tricks which we'll get to in

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the next video.

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Now before you ask,

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when would we ever need to create
a Pez Dispenser in code in real life?

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Let me answer you with
this you'd be surprised.

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As a developer your skills are needed
by all sorts of industries and markets.

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Everyone wants a website.

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Everyone wants an app.

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When researching Pez for this course,

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I found that there is actually a new
site that is allowing you to 3 D printer

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your head onto a Pez Dispenser. Guess
what they have on their website?

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a way for you to upload your head and

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simulate a Pez Dispenser to
see what it might look like.

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Someone had to write that.

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Now one time when I was
doing some consulting work,

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I had to write code to simulate
a go cart going around a track.

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It gives me an idea.

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Let's do a quick exercise to check
our syntax on creating classes and

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then go fix those books.