1 00:00:00,690 --> 00:00:05,220 We tend to think first of visual impairments in conversations around web 2 00:00:05,220 --> 00:00:06,650 accessibility. 3 00:00:06,650 --> 00:00:09,860 But there are tons of different types of disabilities 4 00:00:09,860 --> 00:00:12,930 that can affect a user's access to web content, and 5 00:00:12,930 --> 00:00:17,070 therefore several forms of assistive technology to help bridge the gap. 6 00:00:17,070 --> 00:00:20,050 You should have some familiarity with 7 00:00:20,050 --> 00:00:23,600 at least the most commonly used assistive technologies. 8 00:00:23,600 --> 00:00:26,010 So we'll have a look at a few over the course of the stage. 9 00:00:27,190 --> 00:00:30,470 Let's start by checking out an example of Switch controls. 10 00:00:30,470 --> 00:00:35,061 This is pretty awesome tech, allowing you to control a device with only 11 00:00:35,061 --> 00:00:39,053 a single button or simply tapping anywhere on a touch screen. 12 00:00:39,053 --> 00:00:43,607 If you've got an Apple or Android phone, the easiest way to get started is going to 13 00:00:43,607 --> 00:00:48,429 be to get your phone out and start playing with its built-in accessibility features. 14 00:00:48,429 --> 00:00:52,322 I'll walk through the steps on an iPhone, but check out the teacher's notes for 15 00:00:52,322 --> 00:00:55,890 a link to instructions for setting up Switch access on an Android device. 16 00:00:57,010 --> 00:00:59,896 In your settings, tap General, 17 00:00:59,896 --> 00:01:04,855 then Accessibility, this will open up a ton of options. 18 00:01:04,855 --> 00:01:07,969 You may recognize the first one on my screen, VoiceOver. 19 00:01:07,969 --> 00:01:12,470 We'll talk more about how to use VoiceOver in a later video. 20 00:01:12,470 --> 00:01:16,280 For right now let's scroll down to the interaction section and 21 00:01:16,280 --> 00:01:18,250 check out Switch Control. 22 00:01:18,250 --> 00:01:20,570 By default this is set to off, but 23 00:01:20,570 --> 00:01:24,310 we can configure it to do some pretty fantastic stuff for us. 24 00:01:24,310 --> 00:01:28,763 We can configure settings to adjust the phone's volume, switch apps, 25 00:01:28,763 --> 00:01:31,763 navigate home and activate Siri, to name a few. 26 00:01:31,763 --> 00:01:35,829 You should see a little explanation at the top and then lots of other options for 27 00:01:35,829 --> 00:01:36,845 you to customize. 28 00:01:36,845 --> 00:01:39,684 The most basic customization that we need to 29 00:01:39,684 --> 00:01:43,683 do to get started is to set a switch for the select item action. 30 00:01:43,683 --> 00:01:47,793 This will allow us to complete a selection as we scan through the options 31 00:01:47,793 --> 00:01:50,815 on the screen like tapping an app's icon to open it. 32 00:01:50,815 --> 00:01:56,080 Let's hit Switches, Add New Switch, and we've got a few options here. 33 00:01:56,080 --> 00:01:57,690 The first is external, 34 00:01:57,690 --> 00:02:00,830 that's going to allow us to connect a bluetooth Switch device. 35 00:02:00,830 --> 00:02:05,070 A person without much control over their hands might choose this option if they 36 00:02:05,070 --> 00:02:10,250 wanted to control their phone by actually hitting a physical button or switch. 37 00:02:10,250 --> 00:02:13,100 Sadie Paulson, a video editor highlighted in one of 38 00:02:13,100 --> 00:02:16,500 Apple's videos explaining their accessibility features. 39 00:02:16,500 --> 00:02:19,290 Uses a device like this mounted to her wheelchair, 40 00:02:19,290 --> 00:02:22,380 tapping buttons with her head in order to operate her computer. 41 00:02:22,380 --> 00:02:25,510 We can also use the camera to track head movement. 42 00:02:25,510 --> 00:02:29,010 Setting a switch using this type of control will cause the phone to 43 00:02:29,010 --> 00:02:32,920 use the built-in camera to look for movement either the right or left. 44 00:02:32,920 --> 00:02:36,881 Each of these can be set independently to refine your switch controls. 45 00:02:36,881 --> 00:02:39,880 It takes a little bit of practice to get the movement right, so 46 00:02:39,880 --> 00:02:42,230 that you don't get any false positives. 47 00:02:42,230 --> 00:02:45,051 Or cause the camera to think you're bobbing left when you're trying 48 00:02:45,051 --> 00:02:45,641 to bob right. 49 00:02:45,641 --> 00:02:51,663 For now, we'll choose Screen, then Full Screen, and finally choose Select Item. 50 00:02:51,663 --> 00:02:53,099 Now once you go back and 51 00:02:53,099 --> 00:02:58,750 turn Switch Control on you'll see your options highlighted sequentially. 52 00:02:58,750 --> 00:03:02,680 You have the option to slow the scanning down, add sounds and 53 00:03:02,680 --> 00:03:07,270 pauses, configure loops, there's so many possibilities. 54 00:03:07,270 --> 00:03:10,820 Play around with it, try and get familiar with the different options. 55 00:03:10,820 --> 00:03:15,320 This basic form of selection is called item scanning and is the default for 56 00:03:15,320 --> 00:03:16,390 switch controls. 57 00:03:16,390 --> 00:03:21,159 You might like to try using point scanning as well, rather than highlighting items or 58 00:03:21,159 --> 00:03:22,825 groups of items one at a time. 59 00:03:22,825 --> 00:03:26,397 Point scanning uses crosshairs to narrow down your selection. 60 00:03:26,397 --> 00:03:29,713 You can turn Point Scanning on from the menu that appears when you select 61 00:03:29,713 --> 00:03:31,500 something in Item mode. 62 00:03:31,500 --> 00:03:33,970 Selecting Point Mode in this menu 63 00:03:33,970 --> 00:03:37,300 will cause those crosshairs to appear once it's closed. 64 00:03:37,300 --> 00:03:43,510 You'll see first wide vertical crosshairs, tapping the screen will cause a small 65 00:03:43,510 --> 00:03:48,470 vertical crosshair to appear in the region selected by the wide vertical crosshairs. 66 00:03:48,470 --> 00:03:53,110 Tapping again will start the same process with horizontal crosshairs, 67 00:03:53,110 --> 00:03:54,900 allowing you to refine your selection. 68 00:03:56,150 --> 00:04:00,775 Switch controls are amazing and can be operated in a number of different ways. 69 00:04:00,775 --> 00:04:03,430 Try adding one that is triggered by head movement. 70 00:04:05,187 --> 00:04:07,217 It might feel a bit funny at first, 71 00:04:07,217 --> 00:04:11,139 but it will allow you to operate your phone entirely hands-free. 72 00:04:11,139 --> 00:04:15,400 Assuming you can place it in such a way that it'll pick up your movements. 73 00:04:15,400 --> 00:04:18,360 You should also check out how to setup manual scanning to 74 00:04:18,360 --> 00:04:20,640 customize the way you move through menus. 75 00:04:20,640 --> 00:04:25,232 And recipes, which will allow you to perform more complex actions like 76 00:04:25,232 --> 00:04:27,385 turning the pages of an e-book. 77 00:04:27,385 --> 00:04:32,600 We've only just scratched the surface of the assistive technologies out there. 78 00:04:32,600 --> 00:04:36,865 Others include voice recognition software, braille displays, 79 00:04:36,865 --> 00:04:41,700 sip-and-puff systems, which are activated by inhaling or exhaling, and 80 00:04:41,700 --> 00:04:45,860 pointing devices which might be physical or electronic. 81 00:04:45,860 --> 00:04:50,360 Each person who visits your site is going to have a unique experience and 82 00:04:50,360 --> 00:04:54,800 many will have faced some challenge some barrier to entry. 83 00:04:54,800 --> 00:04:58,080 While each user determines the type of assistive technology 84 00:04:58,080 --> 00:04:59,970 best suited to their needs. 85 00:04:59,970 --> 00:05:04,680 We as developers need to do our part to make sure everything we build 86 00:05:04,680 --> 00:05:08,630 works as well as it can in conjunction with those assistive technologies.