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You can chain math operations together.

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So if we said 1 + 2 + 3,
that would add 1 to 2 and get 3,

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then add 3 to that and get 6.

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Sometimes the order isn't so
straight-forward though,

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let's take 1 + 2 * 3.

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Should we add 1 + 2 first, or
should we take 2 * 3 first?

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The answer we get is going to vary
based on the order we choose.

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Fortunately, order of operations,
like you were taught in math class,

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applies in Ruby too.

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If you didn't have order of operations,
you might assume that you add 1 to 2,

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getting 3, and then multiply 3 times 3
to get 9, but that's not what we get.

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Instead, we get 7.

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This is because of the standardized
order of operations.

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In chained math operations,
multiplication and

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division operations always come first and
addition and subtraction come second.

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Ruby respects this concept by following
something called operator precedence.

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That is,

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the evaluation of some operators precedes
the evaluation of some other operators.

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The multiplication and division operators
have higher precedence than addition and

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subtraction operators.

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So that's why when we evaluate 1 + 2 * 3,
we get 7 and not 9.

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The multiplication operator has higher
precedence than the addition operator, so

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we do the multiplication first,
giving us 6.

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We then add 1 and 6, giving us 7.

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But suppose we wanted to ensure that
the addition operation occurs first.

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If we were working in a math textbook,
we'd add parenthesis around the operation

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to indicate it should go
first no matter what.

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(1 + 2), in parenthesis, * 3.

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And that same notation works in Ruby.

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Ruby will always evaluate math
operations within parenthesis first

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before it goes on to evaluate
the rest of the expression.

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So with the parenthesis,
(1 + 2) is evaluated first, giving 3.

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Then that's multiplied by 3 to give 9.

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If you're not comfortable
with operator precedence or

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you want to learn more,
check the teacher's notes for more info.