16.3.3 Implementation of PQC Algorithms for PKI

The CRYSTALS-Dilithium digital signature algorithm consists of key generation, signing, and verification procedures, which are computationally bound by two operations: multiplication in the polynomial ring noted as Zq[X] / (Xn+1) and matrix/vector expansion via an extendable output function (XOF). Therefore, any attempt to optimize Dilithium should target these operations. The operation of p...