- Getting Started with the Discovery Service 4:19
- Creating a Discovery Collection 7:31
- Uploading AirBnb Reviews 2:54
- Querying Using the Discovery Tools 2:56
- Querying Using the Discovery API 7:31
- Transferring from Conversation to Discovery 12:11
- Wrapping Up and Next Steps 1:51
- Review: Discovery Service 6 questions
Preview
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Transferring from Conversation to Discovery
12:11Our chatbot will transfer queries to the Discovery service if the confidence in what the user is after falls below a certain threshold. Let's see how that works in code.
Let's talk for a moment about how to know
when a question should be handled by
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the Conversation Service versus when
it should handled by Discovery.
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It all boils down to how confident
Watson is with its responses.
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Take a look at this graphic.
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Notice that the frequently asked
questions, the common questions,
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are those that take place within
the short tail of the distribution.
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This is where
the Conversation Service excels.
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As questions become more esoteric and
uncommon,
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then we rush to the aid
of the Discovery Service.
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>> Now that reminds of an example
here at Treehouse, right?
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We could think of students
asking very targeted questions
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needing help learning programming.
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They may say, what's the key word for
a four loop in Javascript?
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And that would something that we
could easily answer and anticipate.
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But then we get some other questions
that would be either more obscure and
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less frequent, or
more like you said, esoteric, like
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what's some advice for how to get
unstuck when I'm working on a problem.
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And for that kind of thing,
maybe we could, upload, for example,
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blog data that we have where we have
host-related that kind of thing,
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whether it's the Treehouse Blog or
elsewhere.
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Does that make sense?
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>> Absolutely,
what a great example that was, yes.
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>> Okay, so we're back at our page and
we can test this out.
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Let's try asking our chatbot
to find me an apartment.
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Okay, so notice that we see the response
about our chatbot's capabilities.
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Let's take a look at the intent
back here in our Conversation tab.
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So if you remember, these capabilities
are what we imported from the sample.
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And actually,
if you take a look at what we imported,
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you can see there's a bunch of
extra statements in here that
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don't really have anything to do with
what our chatbot's capabilities are, so
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this is a little bit messy,
because it's a test, a sample instance.
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So, at this point let's just delete this.
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We don't really need this anyhow, although
you could pretty easily recreate this with
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a more simplified set of intents here.
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So I'm just going to click on the trash
can over here to delete the intent,
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yes, delete it.
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And we'd like to do the same
thing here for the entities,
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let's delete anything
related to capabilities.
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And finally, in our dialog node, we did
create an extra node for capabilities.
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I'm going to delete this as well.
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All right, let's try this again,
find me an apartment.
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Okay, so this is interesting.
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I actually didn't expect this to match and
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flip over to
the Discovery Service just yet.
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So let's take a look at the output from
Conversation Service to see what happened.
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Okay, so here in the terminal console,
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this is where we are logging output
from the Conversation Service.
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And here we can see that it matched on
the turn on intent with a confidence of,
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yeah, 0.29,
it was a really low confidence.
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So we said find me an apartment and our
chatbot understood what we were saying,
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and it was like maybe they're
trying to turn something on.
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I guess it's very low confidence,
it's a very low score.
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But that is below the threshold, so
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sure enough it went over
to the Discovery Service.
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In the conversation flow it ended
up in the anything else node,
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which it would have said, I didn't
understand, you can try rephrasing.
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But because we passed it over to
Discovery it did run the query
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that said find me an apartment.
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So we want to train our
Conversation Service at least a little bit
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on how to handle this new kind of request.
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So back here let's add a new intent, and
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what we're going to do is create
a new one to find things for us.
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So let's call it a find intent,
and lets add a few examples.
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We'll say find me something,
look for something, I need, maybe.
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Locate, and how about find a.
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Just a couple different ways.
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And looks like I have a typo so
I'm going to come back here.
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Gonna delete find me and
retype it as find me.
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Yeah, okay, so
this can be a little bit confusing.
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In fact, I had some trouble trying to
understand exactly when to use intents
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like this and when and
how to flip over to the Discovery Service.
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And this is one of the things
that there's no, or
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at least there's not always a clear right
answer for, in developing a chatbot.
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When we know exactly what
the user is looking for,
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we do wanna be programmatic about it, like
this, on the Conversation side of things.
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When we are less certain in how we want it
to respond, that's when we need to flip it
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over to Discovery and
somehow tie into a broader data set.
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So what we're doing here is
creating this new intent, and
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we're going to do an example
to find a couple of things,
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very basic finding, but then when
we ask for lodging or an apartment,
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the confidence will fall and
it will flip over to Discovery.
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Alright so to continue this example,
let's add some entities here,
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we'll create a new one.
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And we'll call these locations, and
lets add a couple things in here first.
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Lets do a gas station.
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So for the synonyms lets say gas, fuels,
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fueling station, and
then lets add another value.
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Lets do a hotel.
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And for synonyms let's say motel,
resort, and
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how about place to stay,
and bed and breakfast.
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So, let's complete this with a dialogue
and we'll make this real simple.
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I'm gonna add a new node below turn on.
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This one, let's name this based
on the intent, name this find,
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and the bot recognizes our find intent and
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it matches on one of our location
entities, at locations, any of those.
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Then we will respond with
just something generic.
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Let me see what I can find.
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Okay, so if we open this, we can see that
Watson is training on this new data.
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And now it's done, and
we can try this out.
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Say find me a gas station.
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And it matches on the find intent,
knows the location was gas station,
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and it says let me see
what I can find okay.
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All right so
I'm gonna refresh to clear the page, and
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let's try that down here the same thing,
find me a gas station.
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And we get the same response,
let me see what I can find.
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All right how about locate a hotel.
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Okay, cool, so again,
this is exactly what we just programmed.
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But now, let's try it with
something a little more vague.
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Let's say, I'd like a place
to stay near Central Park.
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Well, interesting,
it says it doesn't understand.
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So, what exactly is happening?
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If we scroll down,
It didn't match on any intent at all.
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So because I said I'd like, it doesn't
know that we're trying to find something,
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and it certainly doesn't
match the turn on intent,
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so it's kind of just lost
without any kind of intent.
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Interestingly, it did match
our locations and hotel,
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and that's because place to
stay is a synonym for hotel.
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So we could go and add this to our intent,
or we could maybe try to control for
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this a little bit differently.
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But for now, I just want to try
asking this in a different way.
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Let's say,
I'd like an AirBnb near Central Park.
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Okay cool success.
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All right check it out, we have in
the responses, we have the title
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of an AirBnb listing, and we have
a review, this is the actual review text.
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This is what we fed to our
Discovery Service, and
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there should be three of these.
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So here's the second one, best deal,
and if we scroll down there
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should be one more, and yeah notice
that these are all by Central Park.
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In fact because these are individual
reviews, we have two different reviews for
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the same one.
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So first, we need to look at the console.
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So here we have the response from
the Conversation Service and
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it matched on the find intent, but as we
wanted it to with a very low confidence.
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So again, because we didn't have
the language to match I'd like, and
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because we didn't say hotel, or
place to stay, or gas station.
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It's trying to figure out what we want,
but
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it's just not very
confident that it knows.
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And in that case, it's like, alright,
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well I'm gonna go over to
the Discovery Service.
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So then, over here, on the right side,
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we can see the response
from the Discovery Service.
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And it has our input text, and it has
a bit of information about the service and
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the collection, and here is the output.
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And we asked for
three results which we got.
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We have a listing name, we have
some details about the listing, and
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if we scroll through there are different
things that are interesting to look about
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for how to Discovery returns data.
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There are different entities,
you can see there's a person entity,
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there are location entities,
information about New York City.
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Again, this was all pulled
from the documents,
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from the review documents that
we fed to our collection.
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And a lot of this extra information
is because the Discovery Service
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is hooked into other information sources.
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So you can see there are even links to
different pieces from the reviews that we
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can tie into if we wanted to.
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Let's try another example over here,
let's say this time,
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show me some good places
to stay near Times Square.
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Okay, and again, this was vague
enough to flip over to Discovery, so
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here we have a little bit
of a different result.
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So it tried to match on the turn on
intent, because we said show me, it really
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wasn't exactly sure what we were after and
it was really low confidence in that.
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So again, it flipped over to
Discovery and, once again,
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if we take a look on the right
if we scroll down a bit,
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there are different parts here
that show the different entities.
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And if you look, you can see things like
it'll mention Time Square like this.
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It matched it from the review.
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So you should try this out with some
different landmarks in New York City,
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maybe some different ways
of asking the question.
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In fact, figuring out how to ask the
question and how not to ask the question
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was a little bit confusing for me and
still trips me up from time to time.
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And that's one of the things that has
been hard for me to wrap my head around.
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Because programming for this type of
stuff is a little bit different than
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more typical programming that I'm
used to at least where we are giving
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very specific questions and answers,
very specific control flow.
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So this kind of chatbot development
requires a lot of testing and tweaking and
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modifying, so if you think of
different ways to say something
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then you may want to program that
into the Conversation Service.
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It's also worth talking about how
there isn't just one way to use
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the Discovery Service.
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You should follow your intuition and make
it work for your chatbot or for your uses,
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however you need to.
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So in this case we are looking
at the intent confidence,
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and we would want to build up different
intents and add more user examples.
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But for now, we can see how we can get
to a low confidence in a matched intent,
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and we can query Discovery for help.
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Now another way you might
tackle this problem,
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just if you have data that
you're usign from Discovery.
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You may want to set up
an intent specifically
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to relay the request to Discovery.
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So you could imagine expanding our
scenario, we could take this, find intent.
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We could look at the location that
was matched, and if it was a hotel or
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a place to stay, if we made the synonyms
match on that, we could look at that,
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analyze it, and then we could In that
case, pass over the attributes and
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go into the Discovery Service.
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This is actually how the food
coach example is setup,
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the food coach that we saw earlier.
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It uses a dialog node to branch
conversation into a Discovery Service.
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