- Software 1:59
- Software 5 questions
- Fundamentals of Computer Languages 4:29
- Fundamentals of Computer Languages 4 questions
- What Some Common Languages Do and How They Work Together 3:21
- What Some Common Languages Do and How They Work Together 3 questions
- Programming Paradigms 4:29
- Programming Paradigms - Part 1 1 objective
- Programming Paradigms - Part 2 1 objective
- Programming Paradigms - Part 3 1 objective
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Programming Paradigms
4:29A paradigm is a way of doing something, so a programming paradigm is a way of programming. A few of the common programming paradigms are procedural, functional, and object-oriented programming. Here at Treehouse we primarily teach object-oriented programming. Let's take a very brief tour of these practices and then look at the similarities between the languages we teach at Treehouse.
We'll begin coding by printing "Hello Treehouse!" to the screen, like a wise nun-turned-nanny once said in The Sound of Music: “When we read we begin with ABC. When we sing we begin with Do Re Mi.”
A paradigm is a way of doing something, so
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a programming paradigm is a way of
programming.
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A few common programming paradigms are
procedural, functional,
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and object-oriented.
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Here at Treehouse, we primarily teach
object-oriented programming.
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Let's take a brief tour of these practices
and
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then look at the similarities between the
languages we teach at TreeHouse.
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The procedural approach describes step by
step the procedures that we
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should follow to solve a specific problem.
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C is a classic procedural language,
[SOUND] and
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here's what C [SOUND] looks like.
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This code says to print Hello World!
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on the screen.
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Just like you learn the alphabet on the
first day of kindergarten,
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the first thing you learn in code is to
print the phrase, Hello World!,
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to the screen.
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It's obviously not the only way to get
started, but it's a good,
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logical first step.
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But here at Treehouse, we always like to
do things a little bit differently.
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So instead, what do you think this would
print out?
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[SOUND] If you're thinking Hello
Treehouse!,.
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you're correct.
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[SOUND] In functional programming,
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you look at program somewhat like
mathematical functions.
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The function receives some input or
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information, and then uses that
information to create an output.
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Lisp, Racket and Scheme are examples of
functional programming languages.
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[SOUND] Now let's try printing [SOUND]
Hello Treehouse!
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in Racket.
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Can you see where to put the words Hello
Treehouse?
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That's right, it's in between the quotes,
same as in the C language.
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Lots of programming languages use [SOUND]
quote marks to show groups of characters,
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something that's usually called a string.
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[SOUND] Object-oriented programming is a
very popular type of
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programming because it often uses code
objects to mirror real-world objects.
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Each code object is usually made up of two
things, attributes and methods.
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Attributes represent the data associated
with that object, like a name,
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color or size.
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And the methods are actions you can
perform with the object or its attributes.
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[SOUND] To give you a real-world example
of this, say the object is a puppy.
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[SOUND] A puppy has attributes like
gender, weight and
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hair color, [SOUND] and actions such as
eat, sleep and go for a walk.
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If a puppy is the object, gender, weight
and hair are data.
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And eating, sleeping and going on walks
are actions.
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[SOUND] Here at Treehouse, we [SOUND]
primarily teach
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object-oriented programming using
languages [SOUND] like Java,
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JavaScript, Objective-C, PHP, Python, Ruby
and Swift.
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Let's see if we can do the same exercise
we did in C and
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Racket in some object-oriented languages
as well.
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[SOUND] Can you see where to put Hello
Treehouse!
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in Python?
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[BLANK_AUDIO]
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If you guessed between the double [SOUND]
quotes, you'd be absolutely correct.
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Let's look at the [SOUND] same code in
Ruby.
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Where do you think we should put Hello
Treehouse!
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here?
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[BLANK_AUDIO]
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[SOUND] If you guessed in between the
quotes again, you're right again.
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Let's look at that same code in [SOUND]
PHP.
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This might be a little more cryptic.
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Where do you think our phrase goes this
time?
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[BLANK_AUDIO]
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[SOUND] You're getting really good at
this.
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So let's look at one more example in
Objective-C.
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[SOUND]
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[BLANK_AUDIO]
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Can you sift through the code to see where
to write Hello Treehouse!
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this time?
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That's right, it's [SOUND] in between the
quotes.
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Those quotes are a bit of a giveaway, huh?
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[SOUND] There are a lot of similarities
among the languages.
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And many programming languages are hybrids
of several programming paradigms.
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Python, Java, and PHP, for example, are
all object-oriented languages, but
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they also have functional and procedural
aspects as well.
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Choosing a programming language can be
hard.
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But know you can write a program using any
of the programming languages you saw it in
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the examples, or even ones you didn't.
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The trick is that some languages make
writing certain types of
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programs easier than others.
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To give you some more practice,
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see if you can print yourself a personal
message in a few different languages.
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If you get stuck, look for the hints to
help guide you
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