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Game Class Part 1
13:22Start writing the logic for the game class for our memory game.
Time to tackle the game class.
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Let's do this.
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As always, we'll start with a class and
let's call it Game.
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Then add an init method.
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And inside, set the size attribute
that holds the size of our grid to 4.
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Then let's create our card_options
with a list of words.
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A bit of math here.
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If our grid size is 4,
that means we're creating a 4 by 4 grid,
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which means there will
be 16 cards in our grid.
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And since we're matching cards,
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we only need eight options
because 8 times 2 is 16.
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It's also best to make sure
each word is the same length so
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your grid is nicely laid
out in the console.
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I stuck with three letter words, but
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feel free to add whatever words you want
as long as they're all the same length.
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And since this is getting a bit long,
I'm going to split it onto two lines.
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Next, let's create a list
of the column names.
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Since our size is 4,
we need four column names.
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A, B, C, and D will work just fine.
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Then we'll need to create an empty list
to eventually hold our card instances for
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the game when we create them.
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We'll create each card and then append
it to this list for use in our game.
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Lastly, we'll need to get a list
of locations in our grid.
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Let's create an empty list first.
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Now we're going to loop
through our columns and
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rows to create all the possible locations
in our grid to add to our list.
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The locations will be A1, B1, C1,
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D1, A2, B2, and so on.
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First, create a for
loop to loop through each column.
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Then we'll need to loop
through a range from 1 to 4.
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Remember, range can take a start,
stop, and step parameters.
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The only one that is required is the stop.
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Python will automatically start at zero
and step by one if they are not stated.
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The stop number is also not
included in the given range.
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For example,
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If we print out each number in a range
of 3, we get the numbers 0,1, and 2.
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If we need our range to create
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the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4,
what should the range look like?
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Take a quick minute to figure that out.
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For num in starting at 1 and
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ending at 5, which is our
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self.size of our grid plus 1.
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Let's print out what we've got so far to
the console so we can see what's going on.
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Don't forget to create an instance.
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Run the file.
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Cool, we're getting B1, 2,
3, 4, C1, 2, and so on.
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We're getting our 16 locations.
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Now we need to append them to our list.
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Nice, our init is all set.
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Now let's tackle creating the cards.
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We have our words, and
we now have the locations.
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So let's put them together
using our card class.
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First, we need to import our
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card class so we can use it.
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From cards import Card.
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We're also going to need random so
we can get random locations for each card.
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Otherwise, they would all be laid out
in the same pattern every time and
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the game wouldn't be that much fun.
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Now let's add a method called set_cards.
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It won't take any arguments so
we only need self here.
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Now when we give a card a random location,
we can't use that location again.
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There's a few ways you can do this, but
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I went with creating an empty
list called used_locations.
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This will hold the locations that
have been used for reference.
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Now to create the cards, we need to
loop through our card_options so
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we create cards for each word.
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Then we'll also need to loop again,
so that we create
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two cards for every word so
we get our full 16 cards.
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To do this, we can use range(2) and
the variable i.
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Since it's just a placeholder,
we don't actually need it.
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Cool, now that we're set up to grab
a card and then do something twice,
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let's add the logic to grab a location and
create and append our card.
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First, let's grab a random location.
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Now in Python, we have a structure
that allows us to remove duplicates.
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They're called sets.
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Sets look kind of like a list, but
they use curly brackets instead.
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If I subtract one set from another,
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I am left with only the values
that are not duplicates.
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a is in both sets, so
when I subtract them,
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the duplicate is removed,
leaving us only with b.
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We can use this by converting
our two lists, locations and
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used_locations, into sets and
subtracting them.
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We'll then end up with only locations
that haven't been used because it
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removes the duplicates.
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Now I'm going to convert it back into
a list so we can use random on it.
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This works because subtracting
the sets removes the duplicates,
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leaving us only with
locations that are available.
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And then we get to randomly choose one.
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We'll need to now append
this random_location to
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our used_locations since it's now,
well, used.
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Now we can finally create
our card instance.
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Pass in the word and its location, and
then append it to our games cards list.
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Let's do some printing to test this out.
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Now before I show you, pause me and
try testing this out on your own.
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How can you check to make sure we have
16 cards that are eight different
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words with 16 different locations?
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Here's one way to test it out.
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Make this a variable, call our set_cards
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method so the cards get created.
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And then do a for loop so
that you can see each of your cards.
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Now let's run the file.
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And, oops,
looks like I forgot a self, line 19
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Can't forget that self.
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Okay, now let's give it a try.
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And great,
we have all of our words in pairs.
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We've done a lot so far.
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Take a minute and reread the code,
make sure you know what is happening.
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And if you don't, that's okay.
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Re-watch the video or play around
with the code by testing it out.
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Sometimes it helps to talk
through the code out loud.
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It's called the rubber ducky method.
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There's also a great
community here ready to help.
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