Connecting to the Virtual Machine via SSH

So far we've been controlling the server via a virtual monitor provided by 0:00 Virtual Box. 0:04 Everything we type is going directly to the server. 0:05 But to connect servers out on the Internet, 0:08 you would use the Secure Shell program, or SSH. 0:09 SSH connects you to a terminal on a remote computer, and it encrypts everything you 0:13 do so no one can eavesdrop on the passwords and commands you're sending. 0:18 From now on we're going to want to connect via SSH. 0:23 So let's set that up now. 0:26 SSH usually listens for network traffic on port 22, 0:28 and the SSH on our Virtual Server will be no different. 0:31 We can tell Virtual Box to open a port on our local computer, and send all 0:35 network traffic that it receives on that port to a port on your Virtual Server. 0:39 So we're going to open port 2222, that's 2,222, 0:44 on our computer and forward all traffic to port 22 on our Virtual Server. 0:48 When we use the SSH command to connect to port 2222 on our computer, 0:54 we'll wind up talking to the SSH service on our Virtual Server. 0:59 So here in the main Virtual Box app we're going to select our Guest computer, 1:03 And we're gonna choose settings for it, and we're gonna click on the Network tab. 1:11 Here for Adapter 1 we're going to expand the Advanced options set and 1:18 we're gonna click on Port Forwarding. 1:22 This is what we're going to use to forward port 2222 traffic to port 22 on the Guest. 1:24 We'll click the plus icon over here to add a new rule, and 1:30 we can name it whatever we want but we're going to call it SSH so 1:35 that we know what service we're forwarding. 1:39 The protocol should be TCP. 1:42 We're gonna leave the host IP blank so 1:43 that it will forward traffic from any host to any guest. 1:46 And we're going to set the host port to 2222 so 1:52 that we don't conflict with the existing SSH service on our host. 1:55 We'll forward all traffic that we get on port 2222 to port 22 on the Guest, 2:00 that'll be the guest SSH service. 2:05 Since we're probably going to be running a web server on this virtual server, 2:09 we're also going to want to forward port 80. 2:13 Again, this might conflict with an existing web server 2:16 running on port 80 on our host. 2:19 So we're going to forward traffic from port 8080 to port 80 on the Guest. 2:21 So let's click the plus sign to add a new rule. 2:27 We're going to label this one HTTP, protocol is still TCP. 2:29 We'll leave the host IP blank again, and 2:36 we'll forward from host port 8080 to guest port 80 2:39 Click OK when you're done, and click OK to save the settings changes. 2:46 Now SSH isn't actually installed on our guest OS yet. 2:53 We're going to need to install that now. 2:56 We'll use Ubuntu's Package Manager to automatically download and 2:59 install the software for us. 3:02 So we're going to start with the commands sudo, that stands for super user do. 3:05 Basically sudo is going to give administrative access on this computer, 3:10 since we need it in order to install new software. 3:14 Then we'll run the command for the Package Manager, that's apt-get, space. 3:18 We'll run the install sub command to apt-get, and then 3:24 we need to provide the name of the actual software package we want to install. 3:30 That's called openssh, all one word, 3:34 followed by -server, since this is going to be an SSH server not a client. 3:38 Once all that's entered press Enter to run the command, and it'll ask for 3:44 your password. 3:49 So enter the password that you set up when installing Ubuntu. 3:51 It'll ask if you wanna continue, and the default will be Yes, so 3:56 just hit Enter And 3:59 then it will download and install the software automatically and 4:05 put you back to the system prompt when it's done. 4:08 Now we're ready to switch back to a terminal on our host computer, and 4:12 try connecting to our guest computer via SSH. 4:17 Now we would have to type some complicated command like SSH, our user name, 4:21 127.0.0.1 to specify that we wanna connect to our local host. 4:27 And then we'd have to specify the port number with a flag-p, port 2222. 4:32 That's what we would have to type the way things are set up now. 4:40 But that's a complicated command to have to remember. 4:43 So, instead, what we're going to do is edit our SSH configuration 4:47 to make it easier to connect. 4:51 We're going to accomplish this by editing the SSH configuration on our host. 4:54 SSH configuration is stored within a directory in your user's home folder 4:59 named SSH. 5:03 So let's create that directory right now in case it doesn't exist. 5:04 So mkdir ~/.ssh. 5:08 And now we're going to open the SSH folder within our favorite editor. 5:13 And we'll create a new file within it named config. 5:17 There should be no extension on the config file name. 5:23 Within that config file, we're going to create an entry for a new host. 5:27 Note that this doesn't mean the host to our virtual machine. 5:30 This means host as in a host computer out there somewhere on the Internet. 5:34 We're going to call this Host hostcom, same name as our guest machine. 5:39 The host name can be anything we want, but it's better to have it match the name of 5:43 the virtual machine just to avoid confusion. 5:47 Then in the line immediately under that, 5:51 we're going to add a HostName configuration value. 5:52 And this is going to be the actual address that we attempt to connect to 5:57 to talk to this host. 6:00 Now since this is a virtual machine running on our local computer, 6:03 we're going to connect to local host. 6:07 That's at the IP address 127.0.0.1, that's the standard IP address for local host. 6:10 We're also going to add a port entry, and 6:18 specify the port that it should connect to. 6:20 Let's save this and then we can quit out of our editor. 6:26 Now that our SSH configuration is complete, we can go back into 6:30 our terminal on our host computer and type the command SSH again. 6:33 But this time all we have to type is our user name and 6:37 the name of the host entry that we set up in our configuration, hostcom. 6:41 It'll look that entry up in the configuration and 6:47 realize that it wants to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 2222. 6:51 Since this is the first time connecting to our guest computer via SSH, 6:57 it's going to ask if we're sure we want to continue connecting. 7:00 We'll go ahead and type yes. 7:03 Now I'll be asked to enter the password that we set up while configuring Ubuntu. 7:05 And that's it, we're now connected to a shell on our guest 7:12 Linux computer from a terminal on our host. 7:15