Default Values in Mongoose

Let's say we wanted to create the default animal to be saved if we don't supply 0:00 any data to the model. 0:05 Mongooses schema lets us as defined default values very easily. 0:08 Let's change the schema to give us a goldfish animal as default. 0:13 Instead of just specifying a type, 0:24 we can give each property a type and a default value. 0:26 Goldfish are small, 0:48 golden and really light in 0:54 comparison to elephants, 0:59 and named Angela? 1:04 Anyway, now we can create a generic animal with our model by 1:12 passing an empty object into it. 1:17 And when I say a generic animal, I mean a goldfish. 1:33 If we were just to call save on the animal, 1:44 under elephant.save, we could run into problems. 1:48 The save method runs asynchronously. 1:56 It's impossible to know which save will finish first. 1:59 If the elephant saves finish first, it will close the database connection. 2:04 The generic animal won't be saved. 2:11 Instead, we'll place the goldfish.save inside the other's callback and 2:16 put the db.close inside the goldfish's callback 2:22 to ensure the correct sequence of events. 2:26 Remember we already have an elephant in the database. 2:59 Running this file again will create another one. 3:03 Let's empty the animals collection before we save it. 3:06 The model can do this for us. 3:11 Let's ask the model to empty our animals collection before we save anything. 3:13 We can do this by calling the remove method on the animal model and 3:25 passing in an empty object. 3:29 We could specify which documents we want to remove by passing in a query 3:40 object here. 3:45 But if we leave all of the properties blank, it will remove all documents. 3:47 A query object would match properties from itself 3:52 against properties of documents in the database. 3:55 Any matching documents would be removed. 3:59 We want all the save actions to take place after the removal, so 4:11 we'll route this code in removes callback. 4:15 Now when we run this script We'll start with an empty collection every time. 4:52 Let's run this file in the terminal and then check the database. 5:00 There's the default animal, a goldfish, and an elephant. 5:19 Let's save one more animal, a whale, 5:37 to show that these defaults can be overwritten. 5:39 Let's create a variable called whale and call the animal constructor. 5:44 The type is whale. 5:59 The size is big. 6:06 The mass is 195,500 kilograms. 6:14 Wow. 6:23 And its name is Fig. 6:28 Notice we're not supplying the color here. 6:36 The whale should pick up the color from the defaults. 6:40 Let's save it after we save our other two animals. 6:47 Before we run this, let's also see how we can read animals out of the database. 7:11 Let's ask the model for all big animals, and 7:17 then write out their names to the console. 7:20 The models find method takes in an object as its first parameter. 7:30 This object should contain keys and values you want to match to your results. 7:38 The second parameter is a callback function that passes in an error object 7:50 and the results from your query. 7:55 Let's print out each one of the results in the console now. 8:18 console.log(animal.name +) " 8:22 the " animal.color, 8:31 +" " + animal type. 8:37 Just a note here. 9:12 You see this pattern we're building up with all these callbacks? 9:14 This is a common pattern in Node, which you may have seen or experienced before. 9:18 Manage an asynchronous calls by nesting them inside a callback 9:23 after another callback. 9:26 This is known as the pyramid of doom. 9:28 But we're just playing around with Mongoose to just get a feel 9:31 of how it works. 9:34 Our code in the rest API we're going to build won't suffer from this as much. 9:35 Special objects called promises can help us manage asynchronous code and 9:40 make it easier for us to read and work with. 9:44 Treehouse content that covers promises is in the teachers notes. 9:47 However, we're not using promises in this course. 9:51 Also, we'll clean up a lot of this code in the next video. 9:54 In the terminal, run this file again. 10:01 The data was successfully submitted and 10:07 that the models were found that are big animals that we asked for. 10:09 There we have the golden whale, Fig. 10:14 Fig is golden because the default values were specified in the schema. 10:17 So far, we've performed three of the four basic database operations with Mongoose, 10:22 namely reading, writing, and deleting. 10:27 Updating is a similar process. 10:31 We'll cover that later. 10:33 Now let's look at some more advanced things you can do with Mongoose. 10:35