Code Generation

[MUSIC] 0:00 >> So when we delivered our minimum viable project, or MVP, for the karaoke project, 0:04 there was another story that didn't quite make the cut and 0:08 it got left in the backlog. 0:11 It was this. 0:13 As a KJ I should know which singer requested the song so 0:15 that I can call them up to the stage. 0:18 Well as it turns out, after some usage most KJs are dying for that feature. 0:21 What happens is this. 0:26 They keep calling the song and no one comes up because they either forgot or 0:27 they are not paying attention. 0:30 So let's see if we can add this feature request to our app real quick. 0:32 >> A song request is definitely a model right? 0:35 So let's navigate over there. 0:39 And, in the model package we'll right click, and say New, Java Class. 0:42 And let's call it SongRequest. 0:49 Cool. 0:51 This is some default setting. 0:54 I'm gonna get rid of it. 0:56 Okay. So, let's see. 0:58 We know we want a couple of things. 1:00 Right? We wanna have a private 1:01 String lets call it mSingerName. 1:04 We want a singer and let's go ahead and pop the song in there so private 1:08 song and mSong. 1:14 Now remember, it was in the same package as a song so we didn't need to import it. 1:20 So I want to explore something now called code generation. 1:25 So we wanna have a constructor, right? 1:29 The good new is is that it can create one for us. 1:31 Because remember, what we want it to do is we want it to pass in the singer name and 1:34 the song when you get created. 1:37 Let's go ahead and we'll go up to Code. 1:38 Then we'll choose generate. 1:40 Yeah, we're gonna generate a constructor. 1:42 We want it to do both of those, right? 1:45 We want it to do both those things. 1:46 Okay. 1:48 Whoops. 1:49 Okay, so almost. 1:51 The problem is that the parameters here are following our naming structure, 1:52 where we put the member variables in at the front, right. 1:56 Remember, that's just a coding style that we're doing and 1:59 each project that you work on might adhere to different styles. 2:03 Well the cool thing is that your editor knows that, 2:06 we just need to tell it our style. 2:09 So I am going to go ahead and I am going to Cmd+Z this, get rid of that and 2:10 let's go under File, Other Settings, Default Settings. 2:13 And if we go under Editor, Code Style, Java and Code Generation. 2:21 Here's the naming stuff. 2:28 Whenever we have a field, we're gonna prefix it with an M. 2:29 Okay, that's really all you have to do. 2:33 Say Apply. 2:36 Let's go take a look and see if that worked. 2:38 So now if we come over here, the generating code thing, 2:41 I don't know if you saw it, it was Cmd+N. 2:44 So I'm gonna generate a constructor and we're gonna use both of those. 2:46 Blam, there it is. 2:53 So, setting that up. 2:54 Song got moved down there. 2:56 Let's move him back up to where he was. 2:57 There we go. 2:59 Okay. 3:02 So now the boring part of adding getters and setters. 3:03 Did you see that in the list? 3:07 We can do that too. 3:08 We don't need to do that anymore. 3:08 Let's choose getter and setter and let's make them for both. 3:10 You'll note here that there's templates. 3:15 We're gonna leave them. 3:17 That's fine. 3:18 Look at that. 3:19 We didn't have to write all that code. 3:20 What else is in that generate thing? 3:22 Let's see. 3:25 To string, that's something handy. 3:26 So we will generate to string for both of those, yeah? 3:29 We're going to both of those. 3:33 Okay well that's one way to do it. 3:36 Well look, it remembered to do the override for us, which we learned. 3:38 The override annotation. 3:42 And if we wanted to change this to make our own template, we could, right? 3:43 So let's go ahead and I'm gonna undo that, and we will again, GenerateToString. 3:47 Up here there's these templates and we had talked about that a little bit. 3:52 So there's different options that you could do. 3:58 You can also make a new one, if you wanted to. 4:00 If you want to come here you can add a new template. 4:02 Okay, and if you really feel like nerding out that's something that you can do. 4:05 To make it read however you want to, 4:08 to be the default it will automatically generate the same looking to string. 4:10 The cool thing is when you save this it will be saved into the project file so 4:14 everybody else can use the same to string format. 4:18 I think we're fine with the final string concatenation. 4:22 Or lets. 4:25 Yeah, I think that's fine. 4:27 Okay. 4:30 Great. 4:31 Okay, so one thing that we didn't talk about before is equals. 4:32 And you can actually override the equals method and 4:37 this pretty much should be done on every class that we create that we plan to use, 4:39 especially ones that we use in the collections. 4:43 Now one reason that I didn't show you how to do this in the last course 4:46 is because it's much easier to have the IDE do it for you. 4:49 Ready let's do it and then we'll chat about it. 4:52 Okay? So, I'm gonna do, 4:54 again, Cmd+N and I'm gonna generate the equals and hashCode. 4:55 And let's just use the IntelliJ Default. 5:01 And there's a couple of options here. 5:05 I don't think we should use getters. 5:06 We should use the private methods and we will go over this in the future. 5:08 Yeah, so we want both of these and we want both of these in the hash code. 5:13 And the non null fields. 5:19 Let's not create one of these without nulls. 5:24 So, those are non nulls. 5:26 Okay, so remember that using double equals on objects just means 5:29 that they point to the same object in memory. 5:34 So what we really want to write here is we want to determine what equality means. 5:38 In this case, if the same person asks for 5:43 the same song, I mean that's pretty much equal, right? 5:46 It's sameish. 5:49 So things like hash maps and hash sets use a thing called the hash code. 5:51 We talked about this a little bit. 5:55 And under the covers, it stores things sensibly. 5:57 So it returns a uniquieish integer, that follows the same logic that equals. 6:00 So therefore, if you overwrite equals or hash code, you should override them both. 6:04 So lets both of those on the page. 6:08 So basically, this generated code just checks to see 6:10 if things are equal in memory. 6:12 Right, if they are the exact same object, than of course they're equal. 6:14 And then otherwise it just goes ahead and does the casting that we had done before, 6:18 and then it upcalls equals. 6:22 And oh, look here. 6:24 It's upcalling equals on song. 6:24 So, you know what we should probably do, 6:28 we should probably go write the equals for song. 6:30 So let's go over there to song. 6:33 So I wanna show you another option. 6:34 So we could do Cmd+O. 6:36 And this is basically doing searchable, but this is only for classes. 6:39 So if you have a whole bunch of classes, this is kind of handy. 6:43 Cmd+O is right in your module as well. 6:46 So in the song, let's just go ahead and let's generate equals and hashCode. 6:49 And we'll do the same thing, intelliJ default. 6:53 All those fields are valid right? 6:56 It's gonna be equal. 6:58 Yeah, all of those are true in the hash code and anybody could create one of these 7:00 songs and it's possible that they could put a null value in there, right? 7:05 The absence of that, so I am going to go ahead and leave those as null. 7:08 Okay, so it's generated those for us as well. 7:15 So the hashCode always looks a little bit strange. 7:18 One thing that might look a little bit weird to you and 7:21 is a little bit new is this thing called a ternary operator. 7:23 So the way that this works is if this is true then this happens. 7:26 It returns whatever the result is, if this is true. 7:33 Otherwise, it returns whatever this is. 7:36 Okay, so, pretty cute, right? 7:39 I mean, sometimes it's the most clear way to express things, 7:41 but often, it proves less readable. 7:43 You're bound to run into them, so I'm glad that you got to see them, but 7:46 I just wanted to let you know about ternary operators. 7:49 I'll put a link in the teacher's notes. 7:53 Cool. 7:55 So now we have our generated code over here. 7:55 I think we're ready to use it. 7:59 >> I know, I know I owe you like five more dunk tank balls for 8:01 making you type all that stuff before. 8:03 But how much do you appreciate it now? 8:06 Right? 8:07 There's a couple more code generation tricks that we'll encounter in the next 8:08 couple of videos. 8:11 Remember, everything is customizable, so you can make generated code adhere to 8:13 whatever your team determines to be the best practice. 8:17 So, let's get this feature implemented. 8:20 We're gonna need to do a little refactoring to get there, but 8:22 the ID is gonna help us. 8:24