is there a simple way of remembering binary values? I'm having trouble making it stick. :/

I would advise having a look online for basic resources like this one. https://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/z26rcdm/revision/4

At the start one of the things I found best to do is get a pen and a piece of paper and work through it. One of the ways that I learned binary was actually finding binary maths questions online and then sitting down and working through them on a piece of paper. If thats a bit complicated you could first look at picking a random number and converting it to binary or coming up with some binary and attempting to convert that into a number.

I'll just add that I don't think it's all that important that you're able to convert binary numbers easily. Depending on the kind of programming you're interested in doing, you might find that you never have to use them. An understanding of what they are is enough, in my opinion. Especially if you are just starting out. You can always revisit them later. If you are determined to get more comfortable with them now though, Jake's answer covers that nicely.