Reiterate when to use () when referring to a function, do I have it right?

Ah ha! I see what you mean. I was confused by the "get its value" part of your question. Here, we're calling the .focus method and we're sending in the "function expression" as an argument. Which is somewhat similar to what I stated about assigning a function to a variable name.

But in reality, we're not calling or executing that function. The .focus method is calling/executing that function.

What I thought you were referring to is something like this:

function addTwo() {
   return 2 + 2;
}

var x = addTwo();
console.log(x);

In which case the it has a value returned (although useless) And here if we left off the parentheses it wouldn't work really. The value of x would be assigned the entirety of the addTwo function. In short, if you're sending in a named function expression as an argument to another function then, no, you don't need the parentheses

edited for additional note

Incidentally, every function in JavaScript is an object. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function

So when you send it in this way, you are sending in the entirety of the Function object.

"But in reality, we're not calling or executing that function. The .focus method is calling/executing that function."
That line helps it make sense to me, Thank you. Maybe I could say it this way. If a method has a function passed to it, don't add parenthesis?

Thanks again Jenifer.

In this case, no. Because we're sending in the entirety of the function object as an argument

Fantastic! So now I know enough to know what my actual question is: ..."Because we're sending in the entirety of the function object as an argument"... In what situations will I send in the entirety of the function object as an argument?

Short answer? The only case I've seen it used in is when defining events . Now, there may be other times, but I haven't found them yet

By the way, if you take a peek again at the .focus documentation, you'll see that it accepts a Function( Event eventObject ) which is an indicator that it takes the entirety of the function object. Not just the results/calling of the function.

..."if you're sending in a named function expression as an argument to another function then, no, you don't need the parentheses"...
Just to clarify, (again, sorry and thank you for your time): Applying your statement to this scenario... $password.focus(passwordEvent):... focus is the function [or the method]... passing in a function (passwordEvent)...leave off the parenthesis. Just so you know, I'm not lazy...but when I look up things on MDN, I just don't get it. ie: that objectObject thing you mentioned. You said it represents the ENTIRETY of the object. That's important. I didn't know that. Even if I did I wouldn't have known the implications, but now that you said it I have a better idea. Thanks :D

This is because in this case you pass a reference to the function, not the result of executing the function.

function example (callme){
callme("This will print");
}
example(function(whattoprint) {console.log(whattoprint);});

I think this example could clarify a little

Kristian Gausel is correct. We are passing the function object, but we don't need a value back from the function. Had we needed a value back from the function to be passed into the function calling it then we would have issued a call to the function as denoted by parentheses. Otherwise we're passing the function object.

And just to further clarify Kristian's point, here's an example of two that are dependent on us getting back a value from the call to the function:

function addUs() {
  return 7 + 5;
}

function squareUs(num3) {
  return num3 * num3;
}

var result = squareUs(addUs());
console.log(result)