Using loops for JavsScript Arrays-why can JS function parameters/arguments be declared without specifying the data type?

I've previously done a little of Java. So coming from that language, I'm used to seeing argument lists for methods/functions being comprised of pairs of data types and associated variable names. The method therefore knows what type of variable to expect.

Here in JS, there doesn't yet seem to be any requirement to specify the data type for any arguments named within the declaration of a function. What is the technical reason for this? Does this not create issues during development if the wrong data type is passed to the function? Are there ways around this?

For example, my code below. I've commented out the array of songs from the class, and created two alternative variables to experiment with:

//let playList = [
//  'I Did It My Way',
//  'Respect',
//  'Imagine',
//  'Born to Run',
//  'Louie Louie',
//  'Maybellene'
//];

//alternative value no. 1:
let playList = 6;

//alternative value no.2:
//let playList = '6';

function print(message) {
  document.write(message);
}

function printList( list ) {
  let listHTML = '<ol>'; 
  for (let i = 0; i < list.length; i += 1) {
    listHTML += `<li> ${list[i]} </li>`;
  }
  listHTML += '</ol>';
  print(listHTML);
}

printList(playList);

Of course the array from the class prints to the screen as intended. If I use the first alternative value for the variable playList (6), which is an int, no list prints to the page (maybe because I haven't used parseInt?). The console on my browser doesn't show an error code. If I use the second alternative, the string of '6', then that prints to the screen as the only item in the ordered list.

Surely by not setting an expected type to the parameter in the function printList, this opens up the possibility that the wrong data type could be passed to the function and require manually checking the code/output on the page? Here it isn't an issue as the program is tiny, but when trying to debug a large program this would be a huge hassle right?