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Unveil the power of ChatGPT as we dissect complex code snippets, comprehending list comprehensions and conditional expressions. Gain deep insights, enhance your coding proficiency, and unlock new levels of understanding. Join us on this reverse engineering journey and harness ChatGPT's capabilities for unparalleled code analysis.
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[MUSIC]
0:00
Hi, I'm Rachel,
a Python teacher here at Treehouse.
0:09
In my course, Python Comprehensions,
0:13
I presented students with seven
challenges to test their new skills.
0:15
As well as walking through all
the solutions in a solution video,
0:19
I also provided my answers to
these challenges in raw code.
0:23
When I was a Treehouse student,
I would do my very best to try and
0:27
complete all the challenges without
watching the solutions video.
0:31
And if I was really stuck, I would have
a look at the raw code solutions and
0:36
try to reverse engineer and
understanding of why they work.
0:40
In this video, I want to showcase how
we can leverage ChatGPT to help us
0:44
reverse engineer code solutions for
a deeper understanding of concepts,
0:49
even if we couldn't complete
the code challenge the first time.
0:54
If you'd like to follow along,
be sure to check the teacher's notes for
0:58
a link to the workshop.
1:02
So for the purpose of this video, I've
taken all the solutions that were provided
1:04
in the solutions video, and I've copied
them over to the challenges file.
1:08
And I've done this so we can see the
challenge context, the expected output,
1:13
and also the answer for us to reverse
engineer all in one place, so
1:17
we can plug this straight into ChatGPT
without switching a bunch of windows.
1:21
So let's dive right in.
1:26
I've got ChatGPT open
already with a new chat, and
1:27
we'll start reverse engineering some code.
1:30
So for this first challenge, we need
it to list leap years between 1991 and
1:33
2000 using range, and
this was the expected output.
1:38
So we'll just grab this.
1:41
We'll grab the whole thing actually,
and then we'll just ask ChatGPT,
1:44
what does this line of code mean, and
we'll pop that right in, and we'll Enter.
1:49
Then we'll have a look at what
it comes up with, we can see.
1:58
So in this video,
we won't sort of go through everything,
2:01
it's not a Python comprehensions videos,
it's sort of we're
2:05
gonna see what ChatGPT gives us in
terms of reverse engineering code.
2:10
So we won't talk about
absolutely everything, but
2:15
I can talk about the fact that it
explains the fact that we've got a new
2:18
variable that stores the list, and
even breaks down the comprehension for us.
2:22
So year is a temporary variable,
range provides the list of numbers and
2:27
even talks about the fact that
it includes the year 2001,
2:32
because range will
exclude the final number.
2:37
And then it talks about the conditional.
2:41
So it even talks about the fact that
the modulus operator returns the remainder
2:46
when the year is divided by 4.
2:50
And then, sort of it talks about
the whole thing again, and
2:52
it even gives us a summary.
2:56
So that's pretty cool.
2:57
So Challenge 1 was a pretty easy one,
so we can move on to Challenge 2.
3:00
So Challenge 2 was to list only the
simpsons and add simpsons for the name.
3:04
And we were given a list of simpsons and
a list of characters from the show.
3:08
So here was the answer, so
let's just plug that in right away.
3:13
What does this mean?
3:17
So again, we can see that it's broken down
the code to a lot of different parts.
3:26
So first was the variable that
holds everything, so that's always
3:32
a good thing to know, and then it
broke down the comprehension itself.
3:35
So this was the expression,
it talks about the f string.
3:39
It talks about how we've put in that
character into that f string, and even
3:43
explains where character will be replaced
with the actual character of the name.
3:47
The loop itself,
talking about iterating, and
3:52
then also the conditional
statement itself.
3:55
So checks if the current character
is present in the simpsons list,
3:58
assuming simpsons is defined
elsewhere in the code.
4:02
And that's totally right,
we never fed it that information, and
4:05
there is the summary.
4:09
So something cool that we can do is
to actually feed it this data and
4:10
see how it could better
explain the situation.
4:15
So here's the data for
4:18
the last bit of code.
4:22
And then we'll see if it
furthers its explanation for us.
4:26
And we can see here that it even
gives us a bit of a code block, so
4:30
we can easily have a look
at what's happening.
4:34
So this was the updated code,
4:38
and this is the output of that code.
4:41
The formatted strings representing
characters from the Simpsons TV show.
4:46
It even assumed that it
was a Simpsons TV show.
4:49
So that's pretty cool,
I never really told it that.
4:51
But based on the fact that
the list is called Simpsons and
4:54
other characters are definitely out of the
Simpsons TV show, it's pretty cool to see.
4:58
So let's move right along to Challenge 3.
5:03
Challenge 3 was, given a list of words,
create a dictionary that maps each word to
5:06
its length, but
only if the word has five or more letters.
5:10
So the expected output was apple,
banana, and cherry, and
5:13
here were the words that we were given.
5:16
So let's feed it the answer directly,
so we'll always start with that.
5:18
What about this line of code?
5:23
And we'll pop that right in.
5:26
So it starts off by saying,
it is a dictionary comprehension.
5:29
So I realized that with the curly
brackets wrapping the comprehension,
5:32
it's a dictionary one.
5:36
Again, it's breaking it down to the word
lengths, that's the name of the variable
5:38
that's gonna hold the new dictionary,
it broke down the expression.
5:43
So this specifies key value pair,
and then the loop itself.
5:47
So there's a pattern going on here,
5:51
it likes to break up the comprehension
into its specific parts so
5:54
that we get a better understanding of
sort of each section, which is great.
5:58
And if, yeah, that works,
and then the summary itself.
6:04
So this looks pretty general,
6:07
it doesn't really give us much information
based on the challenge itself.
6:10
And that's because we never really passed
it the data that we were working with.
6:16
So we could always give it,
just like we did with the simpsons,
6:20
we can always give it that data, and
then that might actually give us a bit
6:24
more insight into what
the solution is really doing.
6:29
Because, sure, we can read this as
a general explanation of the solution,
6:32
but we can also apply the data.
6:38
So here's the data, oops, here's the data.
6:41
And then we can see what
it comes back with.
6:47
Well, thanks for providing the data.
6:49
You're welcome.
6:51
And it even gives us the answer,
which is actually our expected output.
6:52
So that's pretty cool to see it match up.
6:58
The words, so apple, banana, and cherry,
from the words list have greater or
7:01
equal to 5, and therefore, they're
included with the final dictionary.
7:05
It even says, the pairs in
the dictionary represent the words and
7:10
their corresponding lengths.
7:13
So that's pretty cool,
7:15
and also kiwi and pair are not included
because their lengths are less than 5.
7:16
So that definitely gives us a bit more
insight into what this line of code is
7:20
doing based on the data
that we're working with.
7:23
So that was Challenge 3.
7:25
So moving on to Challenge 4.
7:28
Now, this challenge we needed to add
one to each person's age except for
7:30
Danny because he was born on a leap year.
7:35
So here's the data for everyone's ages and
then also the solution.
7:37
So for this one,
because we are specifically looking for
7:43
a person called Danny, I thought it would
make sense to give ChatGPT the data
7:47
right away, so let's do that.
7:52
So we'll ask it, what about these
lines of code, what do they do?
7:54
Chat that in, and then go.
8:02
Okay, so again,
we're breaking things down.
8:09
Ages was the original dictionary, and
ages_next_year is a new dictionary, so
8:12
it's even giving us information about the
ages dictionary that we passed in as well,
8:18
and then utilizes
a dictionary comprehension.
8:24
So again, it recognized that it was
a dictionary comprehension because of
8:27
the curly brackets, and
then it breaks down the expression.
8:32
So plus 1 to the age if that person
is not Danny, otherwise just the age.
8:35
And even it kinda breaks down
every single little thing for us.
8:40
And so it goes straight into the summary.
8:44
So we don't really see the original ages
8:48
dictionary sort of used here,
so let's ask it to.
8:52
Can you use the ages data
to show how the code works?
8:58
Let's give that a go.
9:06
[LAUGH] We'll see what happens, okay?
9:07
Certainly, based on the ages dictionary
you provided, which is this one,
9:11
let's go through second line of code.
9:16
And then it actually steps through,
9:19
[LAUGH] every single person in our
ages dictionary and adds one to it.
9:21
So Ali got added one,
Benny aged up, Caddie aged one,
9:26
Danny, fourth item is Danny.
9:31
Since Danny is equal to Danny,
the value for [LAUGH] Danny in the final
9:34
dictionary will be the same as
the original value in ages, which is 22.
9:37
So that's good,
this is a really good breakdown
9:41
of exactly what's happening in each item
in that dictionary that we've passed in.
9:44
And then, it even executes the code for
us and shows us the result,
9:49
which is exactly the same
as our expected output.
9:53
So again, it's very cool to
see that all match up, and
9:56
then here's your final
explanation as well.
9:59
So moving on to the next challenge,
challenge 5.
10:03
This is our first set comprehension.
10:05
So generate a set of vowels displayed
in lowercase from a given string.
10:09
Now our given string was, I loooooove
Python with a bunch of O's, and
10:13
this was the solution that was provided.
10:18
So let's just chuck both of them in
seeing without the statement without
10:21
the context and the data, we get
a pretty general answer from ChatGPT.
10:26
So let's plug them both in.
10:32
What do these lines of code do?
10:35
And let's go.
10:40
Okay, so, set comprehension,
let's break it down.
10:42
Statement again is the original
statement that we gave it.
10:45
The vowels is the set comprehension.
10:48
So, let's have a look,
we're going through step by step.
10:52
This was the expression, so iterates, yep.
10:56
And if the letter is in aeiou and
a really explains how,
10:59
if the letter that we've iterated to
is present in the string of vowels,
11:03
so it actually I mean, it assume that
aeiou were vowels, but of course they are.
11:09
The set comprehension variables
also even called vowels,
11:15
so it's something that would
make sense for it to assume.
11:19
And then resulting set of vowels,
11:25
will contain unique vowels present in the
statement string, and there's a summary.
11:26
So I kinda wanna see what
the expected output would look like.
11:31
So again, we'll ask it, can you use
11:35
the provided data to
show how the code works?
11:39
And let's see what happens.
11:44
We don't have specific data.
11:51
Yes, I did provide some code, [LAUGH].
11:54
To illustrate how the code works let's use
the example statement that I provided,
11:58
yes, that is what I wanted.
12:02
And yeah, so there's a step by
step breakdown of what happens,
12:03
iterates over each
letter in the statement.
12:09
And then, yep,
12:14
resulting vowels will contain the unique
lowercase vowels present in statement.
12:15
Okay, great, that's all I wanted ChatGPT,
12:20
I just wanted to see it in
action with the statement.
12:23
So, we can always ask it to
elaborate further if needed.
12:27
On to our next challenge, challenge 6,
this is a set comprehension challenge.
12:32
From the two lists of fruit and
12:36
vegetables, create a set that
contains the common elements of both.
12:38
And here is the expected output
of tomato and cucumber, and
12:42
then our fruits list and
our vegetables list.
12:45
And then our solution called overlap.
12:47
So let's plug everything in because,
again,
12:50
this probably wouldn't give us very
specific explanation of the code.
12:53
If we give it everything,
then maybe we'll get some examples.
12:58
So, let's put everything in there,
explain the following code please.
13:02
Okay, so that everything is there.
13:09
Works with list and
set comprehensions, correct.
13:13
Let's break it down.
13:16
So these were the ones that we provided,
the two data examples,
13:17
and then the comprehension itself.
13:21
And then it goes through
the overlap set comprehension,
13:24
it iterates over every food and
the fruits, and
13:29
then it checks, and
then it adds to the set if it overlaps.
13:32
And then therefore the resulting set
will contain the items that are present
13:37
in both fruits and vegetables.
13:40
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